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Urinary Elimination > Urinary Elimination > Flashcards

Urinary Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

When does GFR stop working in relationship to BP?

A

The amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute; it stops filtering blood if the SBP drops below 70.

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2
Q

Specific gravity

A

Indicator of urine concentration.

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3
Q

Nephrotoxic

A

Damaging to the kidneys.

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4
Q

Cystitis

A

When bacteria travels up the urethra to the bladder, causing infection.

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5
Q

Functional continence

A

Untimely loss of urine when no urinary or neurological cause is involved; occurs because of physical disability, immobility, pain, external obstacles, etc.

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6
Q

Transient Incontinence

A

Short term incontinence that is expected to resolve spontaneously. Ex: UTI, medications.

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7
Q

Overflow Incontinence

A

Loss of urine in combination with a distended bladder.

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8
Q

Mixed Incontinence

A

Combination of urge and stress incontinence.

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9
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of larger amounts of urine accompanied by a strong urge to void.

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10
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of small amounts of urine with increased intra-abdominal pressure.

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11
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary urination after about 5-6 years of age, which control is usually established.

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12
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful of difficult urination.

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13
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in the urine.

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14
Q

Urinary Stasis

A

A cessation of urinary flow.

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15
Q

Renal Calculi

A

Kidney stones.

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16
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

Enlarged prostate gland.

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17
Q

Stent

A

A metal or plastic tube inserted into the lumen of an anatomic vessel or duct to keep the passageway open .

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18
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Procedure that uses shock waves to break up stone in the kidney, bladder, or ureter. After the procedure, the pieces of the stone are passed in your urine.

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19
Q

Renal Colic

A

Acute, paroxysmal abdominal pain.

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20
Q

Urolithiasis

A

The process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra.

21
Q

Kegal Exercises

A

Simple clench and release exercises that you can do to make the muscles of the pelvic floor stronger.

22
Q

Straight Urinary Catheter

A

A tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder.

23
Q

Post Residual Urine

A

Urine remaining in the bladder after urination.

24
Q

Urinalysis

A

Lab test to aid in diagnosing renal, hepatic, and other diseases.

25
Q

Proteinuria

A

Presence of excess proteins in the urine.

26
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive urination; may be caused by excessive hydration, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, or kidney disease.

27
Q

Oliguria

A

Urine output of less than 400 mL in 24 hours.

28
Q

Nocturia

A

Frequent urination after going to bed.

29
Q

Micturition

A

To start the stream or urine; to urinate; release urine from the bladder.

30
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine.

31
Q

Anuria

A

The absence of urine.

32
Q

Acute Renal Failure

A

An acute rise in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more.

33
Q

Clean Catch Specimen

A

A urine specimen that is as free of bacterial contamination as possible without without the use of a catheter.

34
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation/infection of the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis.

35
Q

Reflex Incontinence

A

Occurs when the bladder muscles contracts and urine leaks without any warning or urge.

36
Q

Organs of the urinary system…

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

37
Q

Sterile Specimen Catch

A

Sterile urine specimen aids in determining the present of a UTI; obtained from a catheter with a sterile needleless access device.

38
Q

Main function of the kidneys…

A

Maintain fluid volume and filter the blood.
Removes waste products from bloodstream; regulates H2O, blood volume, BP, electrolytes, acid/base balance; protein erythropoietin, secret renin, activate Vitamin D.

39
Q

Most important functional defect caused by aging regarding the kidneys…

A

Decrease in glomerular filtration rate (rate at which blood is filtered through the kidneys).

40
Q

What could be the cause(s) of pre-renal failure?

A

Shock/Interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness.

41
Q

What would be causes of intrarenal failure?

A

Direct damage to kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply.

42
Q

What would be causes of postrenal failure?

A

Obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder, tumor, or injury.

43
Q

With impaired renal function (inadequate blood flow), what happens to the cardiovascular system in response?

A

Decreased circulating volume
Decreased pump effectiveness
Decreased urine output
Increased creatinine and BUN in the blood.

44
Q

Since the kidneys control BP, what do they do to attempt to help the cardiovascular system and increase BP if it gets too low?

A

Retain water and sodium (decreasing excretion), Excretion of renin, helping form angiotensin II, causing vasoconstriction.
Increases the production of erythropoietin to increase blood O2.

45
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

Loss of bladder control due to a brain, spinal cord, or nerve condition.

46
Q

What does a creatinine clearance test show us?

A

How well creatinine is removed by the kidneys; done on blood and urine over 24 hours to compare the consistency of the kidney function.

47
Q

Where is creatinine synthesized?

Where is BUN synthesized?

A

LIVER.

48
Q

Why is any kind of elevation of creatinine levels in the blood significant?

A

Because 50% of renal function is already lost before serum levels of creatinine increase.

49
Q

What is “watchful waiting?”

A

It refers to patients with BPH. Before effects get out of control, it is common for doctors to watch these patients on a consistent basis to reevaluate whether they need further care concerning BPH.

Urinary Elimination (1 decks)

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