Urinary Elimination Flashcards
How do kidneys form urine
By removing wastes from the blood
Urinary Elimination depends on the function of what?
Kidney, ureter, urethra, bladder
What transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
What does the nephron due
Forms the urine
What is the capillary network of the glomerulus
The initial site of filtration of the blood and the beginning of urine formation
Proteinuria
The presence of large proteins in the urine
The presence of large proteins in the urine is a sign of what
glomrerular injury
What is the normal adult urine output
1200 to 1500 ml/day
If a patient has an output of less than 30 ml/hr this indicates
possible circulatory, blood volume, or renal alterations
Erythropoietin
functions within the blood marrow to stimulate RBCs production and maturation
A patient with chronic kidney conditions cannot produce sufficient quantities of ? so they are prone to?
Erythropoietin;
Anemia
How do the kidneys affect calcium and phosphate regulation
by producing a substance that converts Vitamin D into its active form
If your patient has chronic alterations in kidney function they are prone to
develop renal bone disease resulting from the demineralization of bone
An obstruction within a ureter such as a kidney stone (renal calculus) results in?
strong peristaltic waves that attempt to move the obstruction into the bladder
Renal colic
pain from strong peristaltic waves
What stores and excretes urine
bladder
What is a factor that protects the bladder against infection
pressure within it is usually low even when partly full
A bladder in a pregnant woman
the fetus pushes against the bladder, reducing the capacity of the bladder and causing a feeling of fullness
Trigone
the base of the bladder (triangle shaped)
The openings at the three angles of the trigone
urethra, and ureters
ureters
tubular structures that enter the urinary bladder
how does urine exit the bladder
the urethra, and passes out the body through the urethra meatus
When pelvic muscles are contracted it is possible for
urine to flow through the urethra
External urethral sphincter
composed of skeletal muscles; permits voluntary flow of urine
internal urethral sphincter
composed of smooth muscles; non voluntary flow of urine
Why are women and girls predisposed to infection
the short length of the urethra; (1 1/2 to 2 1/2 inches)
urethra in men
Two functions;
1) a urinary canal
2) a passageway for cells and secretions from reproductive organs
length of male urethra
8 inches long
three sections of the male urethra
prostatic, membranous, and penile
