Urinary Elimination Flashcards
purpose of kidneys
filter waste from blood
purpose of ureters
urine from kidney to bladder
what happens if urine stays in kidney
infections and UTI
purpose and significance of urethra
route urine leaves the body
shorter for women than men
what tells the bladder that its full?
nerves
how is urine formed
in kidney by tiny filters called nephrons
what is the expected urine
800-2000 ml/day
30 ml/hour
300 causes urge to void
what type of diseases effect urination
diabetes, stroke, parkinsons
urin stasis
not moving
what problem do older men face when urination
enlarged prostate
what are some factors regarding urination
dehydration: concentrated urine, not a lot
overload: urine diluted, excess
alcohol and caffeine increase urine production
high sodium food deceases urine production
oliguria
small amounts of urine
polyuria
a lot of urine
nocturia
a lot of urine at night
dysuria
painful urination
hematuria
blood in urine
what is PVR
post void residual
used to see how much urine is left in bladder after voiding
do not want a lot
what is the most common hospital-acquired infection?
urinary tract infection
what are signs and symptoms of UTI
dysuria and nocturia
burning
cloudy urine
odor
signs and symptoms of UTI for elderly
confusion
tachycardia
tachypnea
hypotension
what are treatments for UTI
antibiotics
increase fluids and cranberry juice
empty bladder
describe continence
control over time of urine
describe incontinence
loss of urine
kegal excercises and bladder training
purpose of urinary diversions
create a new route for urine to leave
urostomy
section of intenstine to create stoma to hold urine
explain some urinary diversions
ureters into stoma
drained through urostomy pouch
nophrestomy tube
tube directly into kidneys
describe the characteristics of normal urine
sterile
free of bacteria and viruses
normally clear/light yellow
characteristics of urine testing
best testing in AM because most concentrated
serum creatinine
does not show up until a lot of damage is done
waste product from muscle breakdown
blood urea nitrogen
measures renal excretion
decrease in malnutrition
indwelling catheter
foley
should be placed when indicated and removed ASAP
intermittent catheter
straight
do it yourself at home
subrapubic catheter
long term manganement
into the abdominal wall, then in the bladder
external condom catheter
incontinent people
catheter care
insert using aseptic technique
should be cleaned with mild soap and water
should be emptied when 2/3 full
When is catheter use appropriate?
surgical procedures
comfort at end of life
measure urine
how do you prevent infections with catheters
keep the bag lower than the bladder
no kinks in tubing
hang bag on bed frame
describe health promotion for catheters
avoid caffeine
empty bladder before and after intercourse
prevent infection
