Urinary Elimination Flashcards by Shania Twain

process of removing waste
products from blood

Urinary elimination

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functional unit of kidney

Nephrons

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represents flow of plasma from glomerulus into Bowman’s
space. Chief measure of kidney function

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

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two small tubes that transport urine into the bladder

Ureters

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it filters the blood by removing waste and excess fluid in the body

Kidney

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serves as a reservoir for urine

Bladder

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folds in bladder wall

Rugae

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normal capacity of the bladder

300-600 mL

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base of the bladder

Trigone

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smooth muscle fiber that allow
the bladder to expand as it fills and contract to release urine

Detrusor muscle

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where vagina, urethra, rectum pass
through

Pelvic floor

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expulsion of waste products from
the body through the skin, lungs, kidney, rectum

Elimination

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process of emptying the urinary
bladder

Urination

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special sensory nerve endings in bladder wall. Stimulated by pressure
when urine collects in the bladder

Stretch Receptors

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volume of urine excreted in 24
hours

1000-2000 mL

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chief solute in urine

Urea

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normal volume of urine excreted per hour

30 mL

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involuntary passage of urine

Enuresis

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“bed wetting”. Involuntary
passage of urine during sleep

Nocturnal enuresis

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it increase urine formation by
preventing the reabsorption of water and electrolytes.

Diuretics

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when kidneys stop producing
urine

Renal Failure

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low urine output

Oliguria

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decrease client’s awareness to void

Spinal anesthetics

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production of abnormally large
amounts of urine

Polyuria

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absence of urine

Anuria

technique by which fluids and molecules pass through a semi-permeable membrane based on osmosis

Renal Dialysis

client’s blood flow pass through vascular catheters, passes by the dialysis solution in an external machine then return to client

Hemodialysis

dialysis solution is instilled into the abdominal cavity through a catheter, allowed to rest while the fluid and molecules exchange and then removed through the catheter

Peritoneal Dialysis:

excessive fluid intake

Polydipsia

Voiding at frequent intervals (more than 4-6 times per day)

Urinary frequency

the need to get up at night on regular basis to urinate

Nocturia

Sudden, strong desire to void

Urgency

Painful or difficult voiding

Dysuria

Involuntary urination in children

Enuresis

Involuntary passage of urine

Urinary Incontinence

does not perceive bladder fullness

Neurogenic bladder

presence of blood in urine

Hematuria

incomplete emptying of the bladder

Urinary retention

presence of WBC in urine

Pyuria

postponing voiding, resist or inhibit the sensation of urgency and void

Bladder retraining

scheduled toileting, attempts to keep clients dry by having them void at regular intervals, such as every 2 to 4 hours

Habit training

to strengthen pelvic floor muscles

Kegel Exercises

bladder whose muscles don’t fully contract

Flaccid bladder

technique used to void urine from the bladder of an individual who, due to disease, cannot do so without aid

Crede’s Manuever

Randomly collected specimen collected at unspecified times and is often more convenient for the patient

Random specimen

urine collection device that fits like a condom over the penis

Condom catheter

A clean catch is a method of collecting a urine sample to be tested.

Mid-stream urine collection

introduction of a tube through the urethra into the urinary bladder

Catheterization

single straight use catheter introduced for a period long enough to drain the bladder

Intermittent catheter

left in place and held in by a water-filled balloon w/c prevents it from falling out

Foley catheter

Inserted through a hole in the abdomen and then directly to the bladder and left in place

Suprapubic catheter

Infection caused by a tube that has been placed to drain urine from the bladder

Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)

flushing or washing-out w/ a specified solution

Irrigation

provides for frequent intermittent or continuous irrigation without disruption of the sterile catheter system

Closed method

done with an asepto syringe in which fluid is introduced into the urinary bladder and drained out simultaneously

Open method

to wash out the bladder and sometimes to apply a medication to bladder lining

Bladder irrigation

may also be performed to maintain or restore the patency of a catheter. To remove pus or blood clots blocking the catheter.

Catheter irrigation

one or both of ureters brought directly to the side of the abdomen to form small stomas

Ureterostomy

surgical rerouting of urine from kidneys to a site other than the bladder

Urinary diversion

diverts urine from kidney to a stoma

Nephrostomy

ureters remain connected to the bladder and bladder wall is surgically attached to an opening.

Vesicostomy

segment of ileum is removed and intestinal ends are reattached

Ileal hoop

create internal pouch using a portion of the ileum to form a reservoir for urine

Kock Pouch

FACTORS INFLUENCING URINARY HABITS

1. Social culture 2. Personal habits 3. Physical abilities

ORGANS OF EXCRETION

1. Kidney 2. Ureter 3. Bladder 4. Urethra 5. Meatus

OTHER TERMS FOR URINATION

1. Micturition 2. Voiding

ORGANIC SOLUTES IN URINE

1. Urea 2. Ammonia 3. Creatinine 4. Uric acid

INORGANIC SOLUTES IN URINE

1. Sodium chloride 2. Potassium sulfate 3. Magnesium 4. Phosphorus

ALTERED URINE PRODUCTION

1. Polyuria 2. Oliguria 3. Anuria

ALTERED URINARY ELIMINATION

1. Frequency 2. Nocturia 3. Urgency 4. Dysuria 5. Enuresis 6. Incontinence 7. Retention

TYPES OF ENURESIS:

1. Nocturnal (Night) 2. Diurnal (Day)

Urine is composed of ____ water and ____ solids

96% water; 4% solids