Urinary/Bowel Elimination

Question 1

What are contributing factors of urinary tract renal calculi?

Answer 1

Metabolic (Increased levels of calcium, oxaluric acid, uric acid, and citric acid.)

Warm Climates

Diet (proteins that increase uric acid, excessive amounts of fruit juices or tea that increase urinary oxalate levels, large intake of calcium and oxalate, and low fluid intake.)

Genetic Factors (family history of stone formation, cystinuria, gout, and renal acidosis.)

Lifestyle (occupation and mobility)

Question 2

What does urolithiais refer to?

Answer 2

Stones (calculi in the urine tract)

Question 3

What is the condition called when calculi are formed in the bladder?

Answer 3

bladder lithiasis

Question 4

What is the condition called when the calculi are formed in the urethra?

Answer 4

urethral lithiasis

Question 5

Is caused by a blockage in the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder (ureter). Possible causes include kidney stones, and infection, and enlarged prostate, blood clot, or tumor.

Answer 5

Urolithiasis

Question 6

Where would pain be found if there are calucli in the renal pelvis?

Answer 6

costovertebral region

Question 7

Where would pain be found if calculi are in the ureter?

Answer 7

Flank regions

Question 8

Where would pain be found if calculi are in the urinary tract?

Answer 8

Groin area of both male and female. Lower quadrent pain in the abd.

Question 9

What would be looked at specifically in a UA?

Answer 9

Hematuria, crystalluria, and urinary PH.

Question 10

What would be looked at specifically in a serum test?

Answer 10

Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Bicarb, uric acid, BUN, Creatinine measurements.

Question 11

What is a normal creatinine range?

Answer 11

0.5-1.2

Question 12

What is a normal BUN range?

Answer 12

6-24 mg/dl

Question 13

What would be included in the treament plan in the case of renal calculi?

Answer 13

Treat pain with opioids and Ketorolac. Antibiotics with infection. If there is an obstruction, Tamsulosin and Terazosin would be administered to relax the smooth muscle of the ureter.

Question 14

What are struvite calculi?

Answer 14

Stones caused by infection.

Question 15

What are the indications for endourology, lithotripsy, or open surgical stone removal?

Answer 15

Stones to large for passage, stones associated with bateriuria, causing impairment of renal function, or causing persistant pain, nausea, or paralytic ileus.

Question 16

Procedure used to removed stones from the renal pelvis or upper urinary tract.

Answer 16

cytoscopy

Question 17

Voiding at night while asleep in a child in the age of 5 or older.

Answer 17

Enuresis

Question 18

Intense thirst despite plenty of fluid intake.

Answer 18

Polydipsia

Question 19

Excessive eating from excessive hunger. (Hyperthyroidism.)

Answer 19

Polyphagia

Question 20

Passing abnormally large amounts of urine. (Diabeties, kidney disease, liver disease, cushings syndrome.)

Answer 20

Polyuria

Question 21

The production of abnormally small amounts of urine.

Answer 21

Oliguria

Question 22

Failure of kidneys to produce urine. (kidney stones/ BPH)

Answer 22

Anuria

Question 23

What factors affect bowel elimination for the older client?

Answer 23

decreased peristalsis, dehydration, and loss of muscle tone in the perineal floor.

Question 24

What causes bowel elimination dysfunction?

Answer 24

constipation, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, IBS

Question 25

What causes bowel mechanical dysfunction?

Answer 25

Tumors, polyps, fistulas, hernias, and diverticulum.

Question 26

What causes malabsoption in the bowels?

Answer 26

Crohn’s, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, lactose intolerance

Question 27

What causes inflammation in the bowels?

Answer 27

chron’s, infammatory bowel disease, appendicitis, peritonitis, ileus, and diverticulitis.

Question 28

What is BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)?

Answer 28

Primarliy effects older men, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, results in difficulty urinating and urine retention. Complications include frequent uti’s, bladder stones, and damage to kidney. Sometimes early symptoms can be managed by weight loss, exercise, elinmination of caffiene from diet. Meds that help: alpha blockers like Tamsulosin and Terazosin.