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Fundamental Final > Urinary & Bowel > Flashcards

Urinary & Bowel Flashcards

1
Q

What are the treatments for UTI?

A
  1. AntiMicrobials – Bactrim DS & Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
    - Antibacteria too (sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin and penicillin)
  2. BLADDER ANALGESICS –
    1) Pyridium - turn urine orange
    2) Macrobid - reduce bacteria
  3. Antispasmodic
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2
Q

What are the PREVENTION/teaching for UTI?

A
  1. Female: Front to Back
  2. No bubble baths!!
  3. Cotton underwear (breathable)
  4. Void Before/After intercourse
  5. Hydration
  6. DRINK CRANBERRY JUICE
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3
Q

What are the assessment findings for UTI?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Dysuria
  3. Frequency & Urgency
  4. Gross hematuria
  5. Cloudy urine
  6. Malodorous/ bad odor
  7. SUPRAPUBIC tenderness
  8. COSTOVERTEBRAL tenderness
  9. Vital sings (tachycardia, hypotension = sign of urosepsis)
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4
Q

What is the S/S of UTI in elderly???

A
  1. Confusion
  2. NEW ONSET OF INCONTINENCE!!!!
  3. Loss of appetite
  4. Nocturia
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5
Q

What is kidney stones more common in?

A

More common in CAUCASIAN MEN in the SOUTH EAST U.S. in the SUMMER due to dehydration

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6
Q

What are the assessment findings of kidney stonesr??

A
  1. Severe pain: distention & obstruction of urine flow
  2. Colicky pain WITH N/V !!!
  3. Pallor/diaphoresis
  4. Location influences pain location
  5. Flank vs. Lower Abdominal/genital
  6. Hematuria!!!!
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7
Q

What are the Treatments for kidney stones??

A

Diagnosis:
1. Noncontrast CT scan
2. KUB (kidney-ureter bladder x-ray)
3. Ultrasound

(KUB, CT, Ultrasound)

Treatments:
1. 50% of stones <5mm will pass on their own!
“NAh! i Ain’t wAn’t no kidney stones!!!!” 2N’s and 2A’s
2. Narcotics: Morphine, hydromorphone (dilaudid)
3. NSAIDS: Toradol & Ibuprofen
4. Antiemetics: Odansetron/Zofran
5. Alpha-adrenergic blockers: Tamsulosin
6. IF it doesn’t pass 4-6 weeks or develops renal colic, N/V, or signs of UTI = Surgery!!!!
- Stone >10mm, severe obstruction & uncontrolled paisn = surgery
7. LITHOTRIPSY (!!) ( the shockwave thing to pass the stones)

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8
Q

What are the interventions of kidney stones???

A
  1. If it’s not too large, patient can: strain urine and Call for fever, chills, N/V, or pain.
  2. Kidney stones preventions (food related): Hydration, avoid caffeine, low sodium diet, increase intake of citrate, and decrease oxalate (chocolate & nuts)
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9
Q

What drugs cause diarrhea?

A

Iron (Fe), Antibiotics, and Laxatives

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10
Q

What are drugs that will help with diarrhea?

A
  1. Opiates (slow down GI motility):
    - Paragoric
    - Lomotil and Imodium
  2. Adsorbents:
    - Pepto-Bismol
  3. Restores normal flora:
    - Lactobacillus acidopillius (in yogurt and granules)
    - Kefir (fermented milk)
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11
Q

What are the drugs that cause constipation?

A

“AAA, MA!!!”
1. ANALgesics: Opiods (narcotics) & NSAIDS!!
2. AntiCHOLINERGICS: Atropine, Anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, Anti-Parkinson’s
3. Antihypertensives

  1. Minerals: Aluminum (antacids), Iron, Calcium, and Barium
  2. AntiCONVULSANTS, antiHISTAMINES!!
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12
Q

What are the assessment findings of Bladder cancer???!!!!

A

1.***PAINLESS HEMATURIA!!!
2. Frequency, Urgency, and Nocturia

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13
Q

What are the treatments for Bladder cancer???!!!!

A

Removal of bladder and using ostomies instead!

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14
Q

What are interventions for urinary issues???

A

Health Promotion:
1. Patient education
2. Promoting normal micturition (peein)
3. Promoting complete bladder emptying
4. Preventing infection

Acute Care Setting:
1. Catheterization
2. Suprapubic catheter
3. Texas/condom catheter
4. Urinary diversion
5. meds

Continuing/Restorative Care:
1. Lifestyle changes
2. Pelvic floor muscle training (KEGEL)
3. Bladder retraining
4. Toileting schedules
5. Intermitten catheterization
6. Incontinence-associated dermatitis prevention

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15
Q

What nursing care should you do for condom catheter??

A
  1. Assess area
  2. Assess LATEX allergy
  3. Take in spiral direction
  4. Leave 1-2 inches of space
  5. Make sure tubing is not kinked
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16
Q

What are the S/S of fecal impaction??

A
  1. Liquid stool in small amounts
  2. Frequent urge w/o BM
  3. Anorexia, N/V
  4. Abd. distention & cramping
  5. Digital exam: you can feel the Large hard mass
17
Q

What is the fecal impaction removal procedure?

A

Requires DR. Order!!!!!!!***
1. Oil retention enema, allow to remain in for awhile to soften
2. Soap Suds Enema (SSE) or normal saline
3. Digital removal (gently break up the stool w/ your gloved & lubricated finger) & WATCH for VAGAL response!!

18
Q

What medications help with constipation??? (What are the 5 laxatives classifications)

A
  1. Osmotic/Saline laxative:
    1) Lactulose
    2) Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide)
    3) Fleet Phospho-Soda
  2. Contact/Stimulant/Irritant:
    1) Bisacodyl (bisa kok :))
    2) Senna tablets
    3) Castor oil
  3. Bulk-forming (Fiber):
    1) Psylium
    2) Methyl-cellulose
  4. Emollients (lubricants):
    1) Stool softeners; decussate sodium
    2) Mineral oil
  5. Bowel prep/evacuant:
    1) CoLye, GoLYTELY
19
Q

What are the 3 types of enemas?

A
  1. Small volume enemas:
    1) Osmotic enema: Fleets Phospho-Soda
    2) Oil retention enema
  2. Cleansing:
    1) Tap water (TWE)
    2) Saline (NS)
    3) Soap Suds (SSE)
    4) “Enema Till Clear”
    5) Milk & Molasses (M&M)

Fundamental Final (4 decks)

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