Urinary assessment and tests Flashcards
What is a normal GFR?
125 ml/min
This is the amount of blood filtered in one minute by kidneys
Where does filtration take place?
Glomerulus
Where does the bulk of reabsorption take place?
Proximal tubule
What is relationship between kidneys and erythropoietin?
Erythropoietin is a hormone made by kidneys. Stimulates the production of RBCs in bone marrow.
What is the term for pain from kidney stone?
Renal colic
What is normal urine output for adult daily?
1500 ml
What are some health issues that deplete kidney function?
HTN
Diabetes
Gout
Connective tissue disease like SLE
HIV
Infection
Neuro problems (CVA, neuro injury)
What is daytime voiding called?
Nightime voiding?
Diurnal voiding
Nocturia
What are some commonly used meds that are nephrotoxic?
–6–
Vanc (and many other ABx)
NSAIDS
ACE inhibitors
Captopril
Lithium
Statin drugs
What are some health hx info questions to ask for in urinary system problems?
Energy levels
Vision changes
Weight changes
Fluid intake habits
Skin itchiness
Urination habits
Family history of kidney disease
Surgical Hx
GI health
What is excoriation?
Skin picking (can be a sign of poor kidney function)
What is the significance of the CVA (costovertebral angle)?
Good location to check for kidney tenderness.
Can do a fist percussion test
What qualifies as anuria?
No urine (less than 100 mL in 24 hrs)
What is enuresis?
Bed wetting
What is considered oliguria?
100—400 mL of urine within 24 hours
What does the presence of bilirubin in urinalysis indicate?
Liver disease or injury
What does the presence of glucose in urine indicate? (glycosuria)
Diabetes
What does presence of ketones in urine indicate?
Diabetes
Starvation
Dehydration
Severe vomiting/diarrhea
What does presence of proteins in urine indicate? (proteinuria)
Kidney disease
Heart failure
What is a normal B-U-N level?
10—-20 mg/dL
Too high may be from:
Kidney disease
Infection
Fever
GI bleeding
Trauma
Excessive exercise
Muscle breakdown
What is best time to obtain a urinalysis?
First void of morning
How soon must a urinalysis be examined after collection?
1 hour
–can refrigerate if need–
What does creatinine clearance measure?
It tells us how well kidneys are removing creatinine (a waste product) from the body
Creatinine clearance is the most accurate indicator of kidney function.