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Family Focus > Urinary and Renal Disorders > Flashcards

Urinary and Renal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common bacterial infection in women

A

UTI

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2
Q

What are the classifications of UTI’s

A

Upper, Lower, Complicated, and Uncomplicated.

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3
Q

What are Clinical Manifestations of an Upper UTI?

A

Fever, Chills, Flank Pain, and Pyelonephritis.

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4
Q

What are Clinical Manifestations of an Lower UTI?

A

Usually no systematic, Cystitis, and Urethiritis.

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5
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

Inflammation to the renal parenchyma and collection.

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6
Q

What is Cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder

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7
Q

What is Urethritis?

A

Inflammation of the urethra

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8
Q

What are the 5 Etiology of a UTI?

A

Voiding with complete emptying
Peristalic activity that propels urine towards bladder
Acidic pH
High urea concentration
Abundant glycoproteins that interfere with the growth of bacteria

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9
Q

What are the Clinical Manifestation of the Lower UTI r/t Emptying symptoms?

A

Hesitancy, Intermittency, Postcoid, dribbling, urinary retention or incomplete emptying, dysuria, pain or urination

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of a lower UTI r/t storage symptoms?

A

Urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, nocturia, nocturnal enuresis.

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11
Q

How do we diagnosed UTI?

A

Dipstick urinalysis initially, Urine culture

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12
Q

How would you teach a women to obtain a clean catch urine sample?

A

Spread the labia from front to back after voiding starts. Catch the urine the first 1 to 2 seconds. Use moist clean gauze and not an antiseptic.

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13
Q

How would you teach a man to obtain a clean catch urine sample?

A

Tell them they need to clean the glans around the urethra and catch the urine 1 to 2 seconds after voiding starts.

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14
Q

What are some drugs used to help treat a UTI?

A

Bactrim/Septra, Macrodantin or Macrobid

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15
Q

What are some teaching measures you as a nurse should teach about UTI’s?

A

Emptying the bladder completely
Wiping from front to back
Drinking plenty of fluids
Evacuating the bowel regularly

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16
Q

Pyelonephritis beings with?

A

Infection of the lower urinary tract.

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17
Q

Pyelonephritis is usually present with what preexisting factors?

A

Vesicoureteral reflux, dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.

18
Q

What are clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis?

A

Mild fatigue, chills, fever, vomiting, malaise, flank pain

19
Q

diagnostic studies with pylonephritis?

A

Urinalysis( pyuria, bacteriuria, hematuria, may have WBC), CBC (increase in neutrophils), Ultrasounds (you will see inflammation of the kidneys)

20
Q

What is the difference between chronic and acute pyelonephritis?

A

Chornic- kidneys will look small, shrunken, have lose of function because of the scaring, usually the outcome of reaccuring infections. Can lead to kidney failure when both kidneys are involved

21
Q

What is renal calculi?

A

Stone. Most common calcium stones. Can be in various locations of urinary system

22
Q

What are clinical manifestations of renal calculi?

A

Flank pain (usually severe), Hematuria, pain associated with n/v, type of pain depends of the location of calculi, man may have testicular pain, women may have labia pain, both can have groin pain, sharp sudden severe pain.

23
Q

What type of pain with some one hhave if they have a non obstructing renal calculi?

A

May have no pain

24
Q

What kind of pain will you have if the renal calculi are passing down the ureter?

A

Intense pain

25
Q

Diagnosic studys done for renal calculi?

A

urinalysis, urine culture, CT scan, IVP, retrograde pyelogram, ultrasound, cystoscopy.

26
Q

What are the urine samples tesing for when testing for renal calculi?

A

Calcium levels and uric acid levels

27
Q

Treatment for renal calculi

A

Stones may pass spontaneously, stones larger than 4 mm are unlikely to pass through the ureter.

28
Q

What are dietary interventions a patient should be taught if they have a renal calculi?

A

Avoid foods with oxalate (spinach, asparagus, tomatoes, beets, nuts, chocolates, instant coffee), High diet in calcium intake may lower the risk by reducing the urinary excertion of oxalate. Low sodium diet.

29
Q

Nursing interventions on how to lower the risk for renal calculi?

A

Increase fluid intake, put patient on bedrest, turn them every 2 hours, help patient sit or stand.

30
Q

What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

A

Enlargement of the prostate. Most common urological problem in men. Does not predispose the man to prostate cancer. Associated with aging.

31
Q

Where is BPH typically located?

A

Inner part of the prostate.

32
Q

What are clinical manifestations of BPH?

A

Decrease in caliber and force of urinary stream, Difficulty in initiating voiding, Intermittency, Dribbling at the end of urination, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, bladder pain, incontinence.

33
Q

How is BPH developed?

A

DNA replication and cell division then cause rapid cell proliferation. This all causes the prostate to enlarge, constricting the urethra and interfering with the normal flow of urine.

34
Q

What are the diagnostic studies of BPH?

A

H&P, Digital rectal exam (DRE), Urinalysis and culture done if infection is suspected, PSA (prostatic specific antigen)

35
Q

What will be the lab results of a Digital rectal exam of BPH?

A

Symmetrically enlarged, firm, and smooth

36
Q

What are some outcomes that you as a nurse want to achieve with someone that had BPH?

A

Restore bladder drainage, Relieve patient symptoms, prevent or treat complications. Drug therapy, Herbal therapy.

37
Q

What is a Herbal Therapy that can be used for BPH?

A

Palmetto

38
Q

What Is some drug therapy for BPH?

A

Finasteride (proscar)- 6 months to be effective, can cause orthrostatic hypotension with the use of erectile dysfunction drugs, Silodosin (rapaflo), Alfuzosin (uroxatral), Doxazosin (Cardura), Prazosin (minipress), Terazosin (hytrin)

39
Q

What are clinical manifestations of Prostate Cancer?

A

Asymptomatic in the early stages
Symptoms resemble BPH
Pain in the lumbosacral area that radiates down the hips or legs along with urinary symptoms can be a sign of metastisis.

40
Q

What is the Key to Prostate cancer?

A

Early recognition

41
Q

Diagnostic studies for prostate cancer?

A

annual DRE and PSA beginning at 50 years old.

42
Q

What is the lab result of a DRE for someone who has prostate cancer?

A

hard, nodular and asymmetric

Family Focus (2 decks)

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