urinary and renal

Question 1

frequency

Answer 1

how often one has to urinate

Question 2

urgency

Answer 2

the feeling that urination will occur immediately

Question 3

dysuria

Answer 3

painful urination

Question 4

hesitancy

Answer 4

stopping the flow of urination

Question 5

nocturia

Answer 5

the need urinate excessively at night

Question 6

incontinence

Answer 6

involuntary loss of urine

Question 7

enuresis

Answer 7

bedwetting

Question 8

polyuria

Answer 8

frequent and excessive urination

Question 9

oliguria

Answer 9

decreased amount of urine in relation to intake, <400ml

Question 10

anuria

Answer 10

lack of urination; <100 ml per day

Question 11

hematuria

Answer 11

blood in urine

Question 12

proteinuria

Answer 12

protein in urine

Question 13

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 13

a condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and be removed from the blood. This process causes massive loss of protein into the urine, edema formation, and decreased plasma albumin levels.

Question 14

cast

Answer 14

slough material from bladder and urinary tract

Question 15

urinary tract testing

Answer 15

BUN
Serum Creatinine
Specific gravity

Question 16

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 10-30

Answer 16

Tests ability of kidney to excrete nitrogenous waste,
may be elevated from exercise (protein catabolism), high protein diet, injury, burns, fever, poor nutrition, also rough estimate of glomerular filtration

Question 17

Serum Creatinine

Answer 17

• most reliable indicator of kidney function
• best used in combination with BUN (10:1)
• measures amt of creatinine in serum, and isn’t influenced by dietary intake.
• creatinine clearance- combo screening that has a 24 hour urine w/ serum creatinine and GFR

Question 18

specific gravity

Answer 18

1.003-1.008

Question 19

KUB

Answer 19

xrays looking at size, shape, location of kidneys, bladder, ureters, which may reveal stones

Question 20

ct scan

Answer 20

shows cross section view

Question 21

IV pyelogram

Answer 21

visualizes kidney, ureters, bladder. Radiopaque contrast IV used to check kidney function, stones, masses, and congenital abnormalities. Consider shellfish allergy. NPO 8-10 hours. Elimination of bowels. Increase fluids. Good hygiene after procedure.

Question 22

cystoscopy

Answer 22

Direct visualization of ureter and kidney pelvis. May remove stones. May irrigate bladder. Requires anesthesia.

Question 23

nephrostomy

Answer 23

The surgical creation of an opening directly in to the kidney; performed to divert urine externally and prevent further damage to the kidney when a stricture is causing hydronephrosis and can not be corrected with urologic procedures.

Question 24

casts

Answer 24

structures that form around around other particles

Question 25

urolithiasis

Answer 25

the presence of stones or calculi in the urinary tract

Question 26

anasarca

Answer 26

generalized edema

Question 27

arteriovenous fistula

Answer 27

an internal anastomosis (surgical reattachment) of an artery or vein