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Urinary System > Urinary Anatomy - Kidneys > Flashcards

Urinary Anatomy - Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

How does the urinary system maintain body homeostasis?

A

Regulation of body fluid volume and electrolyte balance by the mechanisms of blood filtration and blood pressure regulation

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2
Q

Give five reasons why the urinary system is so important

A
  • Removes metabolic waste via filtration and excretion
  • Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure
  • Stabilises the pH
  • Resorption of small molecules - AA, Glc, peptides
  • Produces erythropoietin (stimulant of RBC production)
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3
Q

Name the components of the urinary system and each of their function

A
  • Kidneys - maintains homeostasis
  • Ureters - muscular duct carry urine
  • Bladder - muscular sac which stores urine
  • Urethra - ducts which connects urinary bladder to urinary meatus
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4
Q

Where are the kidneys found in the Boyd?

A

In the paravertebral gutters on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebrae T12-L3

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5
Q

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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6
Q

What plane goes through the hilum of the kidney?

A

Transpyloric plane

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7
Q

What enters the hilum of the kidney?

A

Blood vessels and ureter

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8
Q

Why do the kidneys not lie at the same vertebral level?

A

Right is lower due the the liver

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9
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal but only partially peritonised (as retroperitoneal organs sit on top)

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10
Q

What are the four layers of fascia which enclose the kidney?

A
  1. Fibrous renal capsule
  2. Fatty renal capsule
  3. Renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue (Gerota’s fascia)
  4. Pararenal fatty tissue - mainly on the posterior aspect of kidney
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11
Q

What is the importance of the fatty tissue around the kidneys?

A

Protection

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12
Q

What two muscles lie on the posterior abdominal pall, posterior to the kidneys?

A

Psoas major and quadratus lumborum

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13
Q

What happens to the position of the kidney during respiration?

A

Close relation to diaphragm and so moves up and down with resp

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14
Q

What structures overlie the R kidney, causing it to be partially peritonised?

A 
Suprarenal gland
Liver 
Duodenum 
Colon 
Jejunum
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15
Q

What structures overlie the L kidney, causing it to be partially peritonised?

A 
Suprarenal gland
Stomach 
Speen
Pancreas
Area for smalll bowel 
Left colonic flexure
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16
Q

Which nerve innervate the kidneys

A
  • Sympathetic nerve T12-L1 via coeliac ganglia

* Parasympathetic nerve from vagus

17
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the kidneys?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes (around origin of renal artery (L1)

18
Q

Name two embryological anomalies of the kidney

A

Horseshoe kidney and duplicated ureter

19
Q

What is the anomaly in horseshoe kidney?

A
  • Inferior pole of each kidney fused together
  • Can have abnormal position (stuck inferior to the IMA), abnormal insertion of ureter
  • More prone to hydronephrosis, infection, stone formation, tumours
20
Q

What is the anomaly in duplicated ureter?

A
  • Formed fue to duplication of ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct
  • Can be asymptomatic
  • Can result in vesicoureteric reflux and UTI
21
Q

What structures are found within the renal medulla?

A 
Renal pyramid 
Calyx (minor and major)
Renal pelvis 
Ureter 
Hilum of kidney
22
Q

What are the two layers of the kidney?

A

Cortex and medulla

23
Q

What are the structures which form the nephron?

A
  • Renal corpuscle
  • Proximal convoluted tube
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tube
  • Collecting tubule
24
Q

What structures form the renal corpuscle in the nephron?

A
  • Bowman’s capsule (visceral and parietal layers)
  • Bowman’s space
  • Glomerula capillaries
25
Q

Which parts of the nephron are found in the cortex?

A

Renal corpuscle, PCT and DCT

26
Q

Which parts of the nephron are found in the medulla?

A

Loop of Henle and collecting ducts in medulla

27
Q

What cells line the visceral layer of the bowman’s capsule?

28
Q

At what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal artery?

29
Q

What happens to the renal arteries at the hildium of the kidney?

A

Divides into segmental branches (5)

30
Q

What are the branches that each renal artery branches into at the hilum of the kidney?

A
  1. Segmental branches (5)
  2. Interlobar
  3. Arcuate (pass around circumference)
  4. Interlobular (supply each nephron)
31
Q

Which of the renal arteries is longer and shorter?

A

L is shorter and R is longer

32
Q

Which of the renal veins is longer and shorter?

A

L is longer and R is shorter

33
Q

Which vein travels up foot he pelvis to drain into the L renal vein?

A

L gonadal vein

34
Q

How does the R gonadal vein drain?

A

Drains straight into the IVC

Urinary System (31 decks)

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