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Anatomy Year 2 - Urinary > Urinary - ALL > Flashcards

Urinary - ALL Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the main function of the kidney.

A

Maintain homeostasis by blood filtration

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2
Q

Describe the function of the ureters

A

transport urine from kidney to bladder

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3
Q

describe the function of the bladder

A

storage of urine

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4
Q

describe the function of the urethra

A

transport urine from bladder to urinary meatus (so it can be released outside)

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5
Q

the kidneys lie between which vertebral levels

A

T12 - L3

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6
Q

the hila of the kidney lies at what vertebral level

A

L1 (transpyloric plane)

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7
Q

what vertebral level is the transpyloric plane

A

L1

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8
Q

which kidney is lower

A

right

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9
Q

each kidney is enclosed by four layers. name the innermost layer.

A

renal capsule (fibrous)

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10
Q

name the second layer surrounding the kidneys

A

peri-renal fat (fatty renal capsule)

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11
Q

name the third layer surrounding the kidneys

A

Renal fascia (fibro-fatty tissue)

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12
Q

name the fourth (outer) layer surrounding the kidneys

A

Para-renal fatty tissue

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13
Q

what is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidneys

A

protection and stability

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14
Q

name 3 muscles that relate to the posterior aspects of the kidneys

A

psoas major

diaphragm

quadratus lumborum

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15
Q

how are the kidneys peritonised

A

retroperitoneal

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16
Q

the anterior surface of the kidneys are related to the viscera of the GI system. using the diagram on page 147 of the workbook, label the structures that relate to kidneys anteriorly.

A
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17
Q

describe the nerve supply to the kidneys

A

sympathetic - T10 - L1

parasympathetic - vagus

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18
Q

describe the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys

A

para-aortic lymph nodes around origin of renal arteries (L1)

19
Q

name the two most likely urinary embryological anomalies to come up in the ospe

A

horse shoe kidney

double ureter

20
Q

be able to identify the outer cortex from the inner medulla of a kidney

A
21
Q

within the medulla of the kidney, identify the renal pyramid, calyx, ureter, renal pelvis, hila.

A
22
Q

what does a renal corpuscle consist of

A

glomerulus

bowmans capsule

23
Q

name the 3 layers of the bowmans capsule

A

parietal layer (around outside edge of glomerulus)

bowmans space

visceral layer (podocytes)

24
Q

at what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta

A

L1/L2

25
Q

what happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidneys

A

branch into (5) segmental arteries

26
Q

which renal vein is longer - left or right?

A

left renal vein is longer

27
Q

identify a vein that travels up from the pelvis to drain into the left renal vein

A

left gonadal vein

28
Q

right gonadal vein drains into what

A

IVC

29
Q

how are the ureters peritonised

A

retroperitoneal

30
Q

the ureter commences as a proximal dilatation known as what

A

renal pelvis

31
Q

the ureter lies on what muscle as it descends

A

psoas major

32
Q

the ureter crosses anterior to the bifurcation of which artery

A

common illiac

33
Q

in the male, what crosses the ureter superiorly

A

vas deferens

34
Q

in the female, what crosses the ureter superiorly

A

Ovarian artery (not uterine)

35
Q

name the three constrictions of the ureters

A

origin

pelvic brim

vesico-ureteric junction

36
Q

which part of the bladder do the ureters enter

A

uretovesical junction

or

uppermost area of trigone

37
Q

from which part of the bladder does the urethra exit

A

internal urethral orifice

or

neck of bladder

or

bottom of trigone of bladder

38
Q

whic ligament ascends from the apex of the bladder up to the umbilicus

A

median umbilical ligament

39
Q

embryologically, what is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of

A

urachas

or

allantois

40
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the wall of the urinary bladder

A

smooth (detrusor) muscle

41
Q

identify the bony joint immediately anterior to the bladder

A

pubic symphysis

42
Q

what kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureters

A

transitional

(stratified)

43
Q

what is the advantage of having transitional epithelium lining the bladder and ureters

A

‘transitional,’ means that the cells can undergo a structural change in their shape and composition. ie

tissue that is capable of stretching and contracting to accommodate volumes of fluid

can respond to stretching

44
Q

the ureters are in alignment with the tips of the _________ ___________ of the lumbar vertebrae

A

transverse processes

Anatomy Year 2 - Urinary (2 decks)

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