Urinary - ALL

Question 1

Describe the main function of the kidney.

Answer 1

Maintain homeostasis by blood filtration

Question 2

Describe the function of the ureters

Answer 2

transport urine from kidney to bladder

Question 3

describe the function of the bladder

Answer 3

storage of urine

Question 4

describe the function of the urethra

Answer 4

transport urine from bladder to urinary meatus (so it can be released outside)

Question 5

the kidneys lie between which vertebral levels

Answer 5

T12 - L3

Question 6

the hila of the kidney lies at what vertebral level

Answer 6

L1 (transpyloric plane)

Question 7

what vertebral level is the transpyloric plane

Answer 7

L1

Question 8

which kidney is lower

Answer 8

right

Question 9

each kidney is enclosed by four layers. name the innermost layer.

Answer 9

renal capsule (fibrous)

Question 10

name the second layer surrounding the kidneys

Answer 10

peri-renal fat (fatty renal capsule)

Question 11

name the third layer surrounding the kidneys

Answer 11

Renal fascia (fibro-fatty tissue)

Question 12

name the fourth (outer) layer surrounding the kidneys

Answer 12

Para-renal fatty tissue

Question 13

what is the significance of having fatty tissue around the kidneys

Answer 13

protection and stability

Question 14

name 3 muscles that relate to the posterior aspects of the kidneys

Answer 14

psoas major

diaphragm

quadratus lumborum

Question 15

how are the kidneys peritonised

Answer 15

retroperitoneal

Question 16

the anterior surface of the kidneys are related to the viscera of the GI system. using the diagram on page 147 of the workbook, label the structures that relate to kidneys anteriorly.

Answer 16

Question 17

describe the nerve supply to the kidneys

Answer 17

sympathetic - T10 - L1

parasympathetic - vagus

Question 18

describe the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys

Answer 18

para-aortic lymph nodes around origin of renal arteries (L1)

Question 19

name the two most likely urinary embryological anomalies to come up in the ospe

Answer 19

horse shoe kidney

double ureter

Question 20

be able to identify the outer cortex from the inner medulla of a kidney

Question 21

within the medulla of the kidney, identify the renal pyramid, calyx, ureter, renal pelvis, hila.

Answer 21

Question 22

what does a renal corpuscle consist of

Answer 22

glomerulus

bowmans capsule

Question 23

name the 3 layers of the bowmans capsule

Answer 23

parietal layer (around outside edge of glomerulus)

bowmans space

visceral layer (podocytes)

Question 24

at what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta

Answer 24

L1/L2

Question 25

what happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidneys

Answer 25

branch into (5) segmental arteries

Question 26

which renal vein is longer - left or right?

Answer 26

left renal vein is longer

Question 27

identify a vein that travels up from the pelvis to drain into the left renal vein

Answer 27

left gonadal vein

Question 28

right gonadal vein drains into what

Answer 28

IVC

Question 29

how are the ureters peritonised

Answer 29

retroperitoneal

Question 30

the ureter commences as a proximal dilatation known as what

Answer 30

renal pelvis

Question 31

the ureter lies on what muscle as it descends

Answer 31

psoas major

Question 32

the ureter crosses anterior to the bifurcation of which artery

Answer 32

common illiac

Question 33

in the male, what crosses the ureter superiorly

Answer 33

vas deferens

Question 34

in the female, what crosses the ureter superiorly

Answer 34

Ovarian artery (not uterine)

Question 35

name the three constrictions of the ureters

Answer 35

origin pelvic brim vesico-ureteric junction

Question 36

which part of the bladder do the ureters enter

Answer 36

uretovesical junction or **uppermost area of trigone**

Question 37

from which part of the bladder does the urethra exit

Answer 37

internal urethral orifice or **neck of bladder** or bottom of trigone of bladder

Question 38

whic ligament ascends from the apex of the bladder up to the umbilicus

Answer 38

median umbilical ligament

Question 39

embryologically, what is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of

Answer 39

**urachas** or allantois

Question 40

what kind of tissue makes up the wall of the urinary bladder

Answer 40

smooth (detrusor) muscle

Question 41

identify the bony joint immediately anterior to the bladder

Answer 41

pubic symphysis

Question 42

what kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureters

Answer 42

transitional | (stratified)

Question 43

what is the advantage of having transitional epithelium lining the bladder and ureters

Answer 43

'transitional,' means that the cells can **undergo a structural change** in their shape and composition. ie tissue that is **capable of stretching and contracting** to accommodate volumes of fluid can respond to stretching

Question 44

the ureters are in alignment with the tips of the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 44

transverse processes