Urinary Abnormal Conditions

Question 1

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney. May be complication after streptococcal infection and lead to leaky glomeruli, albuminuria, renal failure and uremia (dialysis and transplant may be necessary)

Question 2

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules(interstitium). Cause- excess aspirin use and related drugs. Signs-fever, skin rash, and eosinophils in blood and urine.

Question 3

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 3

Kidney stones(renal calculi). Kidney Stones composed-uric acid or calcium salts usually.
Removal-lithotripsy or surgery.

Question 4

Nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Answer 4

Group of clinical s/s caused by excessive protein loss in urine.
May follow glomerulonephritis, and other pathological conditions and exposure to toxins.
Two major signs- edema and hypoalbuminemia

Question 5

Polycystic kidney disease(PKD)

Answer 5

Multiple fluid filled sacs(cysts) within and on the kidney.
2 types hereditary PKD- asymptomatic until middle age then hematuria, UTI and nephrolithiasis.
Other-infant or children results in renal failure.

Question 6

Pyelonephritis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma.
Bacterial infection causes abscesses( urinalysis reveals pyuria)
Tx- antibiotics and surgical correction of any obstruction to urine flow.

Question 7

Renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Answer 7

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood. Accounts 2% cancers in adults.
S-hematuria (primary finding)
Often metastasizes- bones and lungs.
Tx-nephrectomy or partial.

Question 8

Renal failure

Answer 8

Kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function.
May be ARF, CRF, reversible, progressive, mild or severe.
Newer classification of CKD stages according to creatinine clearance level (stage 1-5)

Question 9

Renal hypertension

Answer 9

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease.

Question 10

Wilms tumor

Answer 10

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.

Tx- surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.