urinary Flashcards
FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY
SYSTEM:
- Remove waste products from
the blood - Maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance - Secrete substances that
affect blood pressure
They control the proper hydrogen ion concentration of the blood
pH regulation.
They produce the enzyme renin, which helps maintain
blood pressure
They produce the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates RBC production
Erythrocyte concentration
They convert vitamin D to its active form (calciferol)
Vit. D production
They regulate the proper balance of water and dissolved salts by maintaining proper ion concentrations
Maintain blood volume and concentration
The urinary system consists of the ff.:
(2) Kidneys
(2) Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
how many liters do kidneys excrete urine per day
1 to 2 L
urine draining branches in the kidney
calyces
expanded portion
renal pelvis
two long tubes, with one ureter extending from the pelvis of each kidney
urether
saclike portion, which receives the distal portion of the ureters and serves as a reservoir
bladder
third, and smaller tubular portion, which conveys the urine to the exterior of the body
Urethre
covers and protects the kidney
Adipose capsule
dense, irregular connective tissue; outer covering of the kidney
Renal capsule
Divided into 2 layers:
renal cortex and renal medulla
opening at the medial portion of the kidney, entrance point of the renal nerves
Hilum/hilus
outer portion of the kidney
renal cortex
medial portion; composed of 8-18 conical masses termed “renal pyramids” to form the “renal columns” which extends to renal sinus.
renal medulla
collection of tubules that converge at an opening called the “renal papilla”. This renal papilla drains into the minor calyx
Renal pyramid
appear as hollowed flattened tubes. From 4 to 13 minor calyces, unite to form two to three major calyces.
Calyces
convergence of all major calyx
renal pelvis
functional unit of kidney; 3 million each; irrepairable
nephron
The general term ________ is used to describe the total functional portions of the kidneys.
renal parenchyma
loops of henle until medulla
juxta
loops of henle until cortex
corti
principal function of the loop _____ appears to be the recovery ofwaterand sodium chloride from the urine.
Loop of henle
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Renal tubules
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
filtration
corpuscle
reabsorption
tubules
blood is initially filtered; surrounded by a glomerular capsule (bowman’s capsule) which is the proximal portion of each nephron collecting filtrate.
The filtrate is termed urine by the time it reaches the minor calyx. Between the bowman’s capsule and the minor calyces, more than 99% of the filtrare is reabsorved into the kidneys venous system.
Glomerulus
supply blood to the glomeruli
Afferent arterioles
take blood away
Efferent arterioles
Transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
urether
The ureters vary in length from
28 - 34 cm
The ureters vary in diameter from _________
1mm to 1cm
3 constricted points:
uteropelvic junction
brim of the pelvis
ureterovisceral junction
Reservoir for urine
Urinary bladder
triangular portion of the bladder; muscular area formed by the entrance of the two ureters from behind and the exit site of the urethra; firmly attached to the floor of the pelvis
Trigone
The total capacity of the bladder varies from _____
350 to 500 mL.
connects the bladder to the exterior.
urethra
the urethra exits from the body inferior to the ______
symphysis pubis
Retroperitoneal organs
Kidneys
Ureters
Female: ___ inches
Male: ____ inches
Female: 4 inches
Male: 7-8 inches
Infraperitoneal organs
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Male reproductive organs
Female reproductive organs
