urinalysis study guide 1 Flashcards
anuria
failure of kidneys to produce urine
polyuria
excessive urination
proteinuria
excess of protein in urine
glycosuria
presence of reducing sugars in the urine
hematuria
blood in urine
renal threshold
concentration level up tp which a substance in the blood is prevented from passing through kidneys into the urine
diuresis
condition in which the kidneys filter too much bodily fluids (increase in urination)
orthostatic proteinuria
elevated protein excretion while in upright position and normal in supine position
nocturia
excessive urination at night
diabetes insipidus
disorder of salt and water metabolism marked by intense thirst and heavy urination
Tamm-Horsfall protein
(uromodulin) - most abundant protein
glomerulonephritis
inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus)
pyelonephritis
inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection
kidney infection
pyuria
pus in urine (bacterial infection)
cystitis
UTI
oliguria
production of abnormally small amounts of urine
preanalytical error (3)
- missing sample
- wrong ID
- clotted sample
analytical error (3)
- equipment malfunction
- procedures not followed
- sample mix up
post-analytical error (3)
- failure to report results
- delay in reporting
- incorrect calculation
clinical significance of Squamous Epithelial Cells?
sample was most likely contaminated
Transitional epi?
renal epi?
most significant: in larger amounts can indicate infection, kidney disease, or other serious medical condition
bright field microscope
light in transmitted through specimen and appears against an illuminated background
phase contrast microscope
small changes in light rays
