urinalysis study guide 1

Question 1

anuria

Answer 1

failure of kidneys to produce urine

Question 2

polyuria

Answer 2

excessive urination

Question 3

proteinuria

Answer 3

excess of protein in urine

Question 4

glycosuria

Answer 4

presence of reducing sugars in the urine

Question 5

hematuria

Answer 5

blood in urine

Question 6

renal threshold

Answer 6

concentration level up tp which a substance in the blood is prevented from passing through kidneys into the urine

Question 7

diuresis

Answer 7

condition in which the kidneys filter too much bodily fluids (increase in urination)

Question 8

orthostatic proteinuria

Answer 8

elevated protein excretion while in upright position and normal in supine position

Question 9

nocturia

Answer 9

excessive urination at night

Question 10

diabetes insipidus

Answer 10

disorder of salt and water metabolism marked by intense thirst and heavy urination

Question 11

Tamm-Horsfall protein

Answer 11

(uromodulin) - most abundant protein

Question 12

glomerulonephritis

Answer 12

inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus)

Question 13

pyelonephritis

Answer 13

inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection

kidney infection

Question 14

pyuria

Answer 14

pus in urine (bacterial infection)

Question 15

cystitis

Answer 15

UTI

Question 16

oliguria

Answer 16

production of abnormally small amounts of urine

Question 17

preanalytical error (3)

Answer 17

1. missing sample
2. wrong ID
3. clotted sample

Question 18

analytical error (3)

Answer 18

1. equipment malfunction
2. procedures not followed
3. sample mix up

Question 19

post-analytical error (3)

Answer 19

1. failure to report results
2. delay in reporting
3. incorrect calculation

Question 20

clinical significance of Squamous Epithelial Cells?

Answer 20

sample was most likely contaminated

Question 21

Transitional epi?

Question 22

renal epi?

Answer 22

most significant: in larger amounts can indicate infection, kidney disease, or other serious medical condition

Question 23

bright field microscope

Answer 23

light in transmitted through specimen and appears against an illuminated background

Question 24

phase contrast microscope

Answer 24

small changes in light rays

Question 25

condenser

Answer 25

gathers light from the scopes light source and concentrates it into a cone of light that illuminates the specimen

Question 26

rheostat

Answer 26

increases or decreases light intensity

Question 27

coarse adj knob

Answer 27

focuses by moving up and down

Question 28

fine adj knob

Answer 28

used to focus on image when using higher magnification