urinalysis study guide 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anuria

A

failure of kidneys to produce urine

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2
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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3
Q

proteinuria

A

excess of protein in urine

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4
Q

glycosuria

A

presence of reducing sugars in the urine

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5
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

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6
Q

renal threshold

A

concentration level up tp which a substance in the blood is prevented from passing through kidneys into the urine

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7
Q

diuresis

A

condition in which the kidneys filter too much bodily fluids (increase in urination)

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8
Q

orthostatic proteinuria

A

elevated protein excretion while in upright position and normal in supine position

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9
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

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10
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

disorder of salt and water metabolism marked by intense thirst and heavy urination

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11
Q

Tamm-Horsfall protein

A

(uromodulin) - most abundant protein

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12
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus)

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13
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection

kidney infection

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14
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine (bacterial infection)

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15
Q

cystitis

A

UTI

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16
Q

oliguria

A

production of abnormally small amounts of urine

17
Q

preanalytical error (3)

A
  1. missing sample
  2. wrong ID
  3. clotted sample
18
Q

analytical error (3)

A
  1. equipment malfunction
  2. procedures not followed
  3. sample mix up
19
Q

post-analytical error (3)

A
  1. failure to report results
  2. delay in reporting
  3. incorrect calculation
20
Q

clinical significance of Squamous Epithelial Cells?

A

sample was most likely contaminated

21
Q

Transitional epi?

22
Q

renal epi?

A

most significant: in larger amounts can indicate infection, kidney disease, or other serious medical condition

23
Q

bright field microscope

A

light in transmitted through specimen and appears against an illuminated background

24
Q

phase contrast microscope

A

small changes in light rays

25
condenser
gathers light from the scopes light source and concentrates it into a cone of light that illuminates the specimen
26
rheostat
increases or decreases light intensity
27
coarse adj knob
focuses by moving up and down
28
fine adj knob
used to focus on image when using higher magnification