Urinalysis questions Flashcards
What is GLU?
Causes of raised GLU reading?
Glucose
Elevated in:
- Glycosuria of Diabetes
- Renal tubular disease
- Certain medications for diabetes (SGLT2 inhibitors)
What is BIL?
Causes of raised BIL?
Conjugated bilirubin
Elevated BIL indicates elevated serum conjugated bilirubin - usually through BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
Elevated in:
- gallstones
- panc cancer
- ascending cholangitis
- biliary strictures
What is KET?
Bloody fantastic
What is KET?
Causes of raised KET?
Ketones - breakdown product of FAs
Elevated in:
- DKA
- starvation
What is SG?
Normal range?
Causes of abnormal SG?
Specific gravity - basically how much solute is in urine
1.002-1.035
Decreased SG - diabetes insipidus & acute tubular necrosis
Elevated SG - dehydration, glycosuria of DM, nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria)
Causes of raised pH?
UTI
Vomiting
Diuretics
(any cause of metabolic alkalosis)
Causes of low pH?
Dehydration
DKA
Sepsis
BLO detects presence of what?
Causes of BLO in urine?
Blood, haemoglobin & myoglobin
Presence due to:
- UTI
- Renal stones
- Malignancies of urinary tract
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Nephritic syndrome
- Injury (laceration etc)
Causes of elevated PRO?
Nephrotic syndrome
Chronic kidney disease
What is NIT?
Causes of NIT in urine?
Nitrites (not nitrates)
Produced by breakdown of gram -ve organisms (eg E.coli)
UTI
What is LEU?
Causes of LEU in urine?
Leukocyte esterase
LE indicates WBCs in urine
Causes:
- UTI
- Any condition causing haematuria
What is URO?
Normal range?
Depressed URO?
Elevated URO?
Urobillinogen
0.2-1.0 mg/dL
Elevated in haemolytic anaemias
Depressed in Biliary tract obstructions
