Urinalysis Exam 2 Flashcards
The presence of heavy proteinuria >3.5 g/dL is most characteristic of:
a. acute glomerulonephritis
b. acute interstitial nephritis
c. pyelonephritis
d. nephrotic syndrome
d. nephrotic syndrome
Broad and waxy casts are most frequently seen with:
a. membranous glomerulonephritis
b. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
The pronounced edema associated with the nephrotic syndrome is related to the:
a. hypolipidemia
b. hypoalbuminemia
c. decreased glomerular filtration rate
d. lipiduria
b. hypoalbuminemia
To differentiate between cystitis and pyelonephritis, which of the following elements can aid in differentiation?
a. bacteria
b. WBC casts
c. WBC clumps
d. RBC casts
b. WBC casts
Which of the following attributes typically contributes most to the formation of urinary crystals?
a. increased urinary temperature
b. urinary pH
c. increased urinary volume output
d. decreased urinary urethra hemoglobin formation
b. urinary pH
Typically seen due to vaginal contamination, a squamous epithelial cell covered with Garnerella vaginalis bacteria is called
a. glitter cell
b. clue cell
c. an oval fat body
d. a hyaline cell
b. clue cell
The most likely pathological cause of increased transitional epithelial cells (urothelial cells) in the urine is:
a. diabetes mellitus
b. hypereosinophilia
c. invasive procedures
d. malignancy
d. malignancy
The type of cells associated with oval fat bodies are:
a. transitional epithelial cells
b. macrophages
c. squamous epithelial cells
d. renal tubular epithelial cells
d. renal tubular epithelial cells
To identify birefringent elements, the following microscopy should be used:
a. polarizing microscopy
b. interference-contrast microscopy
c. bright-field microscopy
d. phase-contrast microscopy
a. polarizing microscopy
The clinical significance of tyrosine crystals in the urine is:
a. disorders producing lipemia
b. severe liver disorders or metabolic disorder
c. acute glomerular nephritis
d. increased consumption of foods like spinach, asparagus and rhubarb
b. severe liver disorders or metabolic disorder
The only type of cast capable of polarization is the:
a. granular
b. fatty
c. hyaline
d. waxy
b. fatty
Which of the following exhibit a cross formation or birefringence under polarized light: (1) starch; (2) cholesterol; (3) uric acid; (4) red blood cells
a. 1,2 and 3
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 4
d. 1, 3 and 4
a. 1,2 and 3
A technologist received a refrigerated specimen that is cloudy with pink sediment upon centrifugation. Urine pH is 6.0. What is the mostly likely cause of the pink sediment and what can be done to remove it?
a. amorphous urates; heat the specimen
b. amorphous phosphates; add acetic acid
c. calcium phosphates; add acetic acid
d. uric acid; add acetic acid
a. amorphous urates; heat the specimen
Under polarizing microscopy, if an object does not show birefringent properties, then the object will appear _____ if the background is black:
a. white
b. black
c. colored (a rainbow effect)
d. purple
b. black
The purpose of using a Hansel stain on urine sediment is to identify
a. bacteria
b. trichomonads vaginalis
c. eosinophils
d. hemosiderin granules
c. eosinophils
The primary factor that favors the formation of casts is:
a. urinary stasis
b. increased pH
c. decreased pH
d. specific gravity
a. urinary stasis
The disorder associated with polyuria and low specific gravity is:
a. cystitis
b. renal glycosuria
c. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
d. focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
c. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Which of the following elements would most likely be found in a concentrated, hypertonic, acidic urine that contains trace protein?
a. ghost RBC’s and glitter cells
b. casts
c. 4+ bacteria, no WBCs
d. triple phosphate crystals
b. casts
The presence of WBC casts would be most likely associated with:
a. cystinuria
b. cystitis
c. urethritis
d. pyelonephritis
d. pyelonephritis
To differentiate a bacterial cast from a granular cast, a technologist could perform:
a. Hansel Stain
b. gram stain
c. sternheimer-Malbin stain
d. forgo the staining and use polarizing microscopy
b. gram stain
Which one of the following would not be a typical component of renal calculi?
a. leucine
b. calcium oxalate
c. uric acid
d. cystine
a. leucine
A seven year old female is recovering from pharyngitis. A positive rapid Strep screening test was noted at the physician’s office soon after symptoms developed. On the next office visit, laboratory tests were performed. The following were noted:
Urinalysis macroscopic:
Color: light red
Clarity: turbid
SG: 1.015
pH: 6.0
protein: 3+
Glucose: neg
ketones: neg
blood: 3+ (large)
Bilirubin: neg
Urobilinogen: normal
Nitrite: neg
Leukocyte: trace
Urinalysis Microscopic:
RBC: 60-80/hpf
WBC: 3-5 hpf
hyaline cast: 0-1/lpf
RBC cast: 2-3/lpf
Granular cast: 1-2/lpf
Chemistry:
Blood urea Nitrogen (BUN) (kidney function test): 45 mg/dL
(reference range: 8-23 mg/dL)
Serology:
ASO (antistreptolysin O antibodies) titer: 1:800
(reference range: less than 1:100)
Based on the history, clinical indications and the laboratory tests, which one of the following disorders is the most likely for this patient?
a. acute pyelonephritis
b. nephrotic syndrome
c. acute glomerulonephritis
d. chronic tubular necrosis
c. acute glomerulonephritis
Hunter and Hurler syndrome are hereditary disorders associated with:
a. mucopolysaccharides
b. purines
c. tryptophan
d. porphyrins
a. mucopolysaccharides
Which disease do the following tests coordinate with?
Ferric chloride test: blue
Clinitest: yellow precipitate
Urine color darkens upon addition of alkali
a. mucopolysaccharide disorders
b. alkaptonuria
c. porphobilinogen/porphyria
d. tyrosyluria
b. alkaptonuria