Urinalysis and Body Fluids

Question 0

How do you obtain a clean catch urine specimen?

Answer 0

Clean external genitalia, void few mL of urine into the toilet, and then collect midstream flow.

Question 1

The three-glass method of urine collection is performed to assess _________

Answer 1

Prostate infections

Question 2

In a urine sample that is being examined microscopically, the best way to differentiate yeast from RBCs is to:

Answer 2

Add a drop of dilute acetic acid to the urine to lyse the RBCs

Question 3

A low seminal fluid volume of 1.0 mL containing a sperm count of 5 million/mL would indicate:

Answer 3

Infertility

Question 4

The active accumulation of fluid within body cavities caused by infection, malignancies, or inflammation damaging the vascular wall is known as a(n):

Answer 4

Effusion

Question 5

What substance besides red blood cells and hemoglobin will react with the blood pad on the reagent test strip?

Answer 5

Myoglobin

Question 6

The normal healthy reference intervals of CSF total protein is approximately:

Answer 6

20-50 mg/mL

Question 7

The pigment responsible for normal urine color that present in the highest concentration is:

Answer 7

Urochrome

Question 8

To determine if a specimen is urine, one should measure the concentrations of:

Answer 8

Urea and Creatinine

Question 9

A positive bilirubin results is noted on the reagent strip used for a routine urinalysis, and bilirubin crystals are noted on the microscopic examination. This would indicate:

Answer 9

Liver disease

Question 10

Sperm motility that is ranked at a value 3.0 indicates that the sperms are:

Answer 10

Mobile with moderate linear progression

Question 11

A positive chemical reagent strip test for blood with no red blood cells found in the sediment indicates:

Answer 11

The presence of hemoglobin or myoglobin

Question 12

A dark, amber-colored random urine sample can be caused by:

Answer 12

Dehydration

Question 13

The reagent strip method used to detect protein in the urine is based on:

Answer 13

The protein error of indicators

Question 14

A synovial fluid was received in the lab from a 25-year-old man who had a recent hockey injury. In the days following injury, he reported progressively increasing pain and swelling. The final lab report was as follows: Color brownish green

Answer 14

Septic inflammation

Question 15

The finding of indigo-blue colored urin is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:

Answer 15

Tryptophan

Question 16

A woman with a history of miscarriages visits her OB for assessment of pregnancy. She sees the doctor every few days tobhave her HCG level tested. The HCG levels begin at 5 IU/L and appear to double every 7 to 8 days. What is indicated by these results?

Answer 16

Normal pregnancy

Question 17

A pink-orange acidic urine becomes turbid after it has been refrigerated. This is most likely caused by:

Answer 17

Amorphous urates

Question 18

A CSF glucose concentration of 35 mg/dL would indicate:

Answer 18

Bacterial meningitis

Question 19

The normal glomerular filtrate volume per minute is:

Answer 19

120 mL/min

Question 20

Observations of urine color and clarity should be performed using:

Answer 20

A well-mixed uncentrifuged specimen

Question 21

The nephritic syndrom frequently occurs as a complication of:

Answer 21

systemic shock

Question 22

Malabsorption of fats by gastrointestinal system is called

Answer 22

Steatorrhea

Question 23

The number and type of casts found in urine sediment reflect:

Answer 23

The extent of renal tubular involvement in the disease processes

Question 24

The hormone responsible for maintenance of sodium balance through its action on the renal tubules is:

Answer 24

Aldosterone

Question 25

A man with normal fluid intake excreted 1400 mL of urine in 24 hours. This urine volume can be best described as:

Answer 25

Normal

Question 26

Ketones in the urine are frequently associated with

Answer 26

Acidosis

Question 27

A yellow-brown urine results from the excretion of:

Answer 27

Bilirubin

Question 28

Which of the following terms is correctly matched with the definition if urine output? A) Polyuria: lavk of urine output B) Anuria: decreased urine output at night C) Oliguria: decreased urine output D) Nocturia: increased urine output

Answer 28

Oliguria: decreased urine output

Question 29

Urine that has a mousy order typically indicated:

Answer 29

Phenylketonuria

Question 30

Normal crystals found in alkaline urine include:

Answer 30

Triple phosphates Amorphous urates Ammonium biurate

Question 31

Synovial fluid is collected by

Answer 31

Arthrocentesis

Question 32

The protein reagent pad on a urine reagent testing strip is specific for:

Answer 32

Albumin

Question 33

The function of ADH is to:

Answer 33

Control water reabsorption by the tubules

Question 34

An individual with hepatic cirrhosis has exceas peritoneal fluid in his abdominal cavity between the two layers of mesothelial cells. This abnormal fluid buildup is referred to as a(n):

Answer 34

Transudate

Question 35

Most renal calculi contain:

Answer 35

Calcium and Oxalate

Question 36

Regarding gastric fluid analysis, what does the term "achlorydia" mean?

Answer 36

The physiological failure if gastric fluid pH to fall below 3.5 or 1.0 pH unit with gastric stimulation

Question 37

Melena is

Answer 37

a large amount of blood in a stool sample

Question 38

The cavities of the body that hold abdominal organs, lungs, and the heart are lined by two membranes consisting of which cell type?

Answer 38

Mesothelial cells

Question 39

Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by:

Answer 39

Polydipsia, polyuria and urine with low specific gravity

Question 40

Teating of urine specimen must occurr within how many hours after collection

Answer 40

2 hours

Question 41

Glomerular basement membrane thickening occurs in membranous glomerulonephritis as a result of deposition of:

Answer 41

Immune complexes

Question 42

Cellular casts degenerate into:

Answer 42

Granular casts

Question 43

The type of cells that line the bladder:

Answer 43

Transitional epithelial cells

Question 44

Urine with fixed specific gravity equal to 1.010 is termed:

Answer 44

Isosthenuric

Question 45

To perform a microscopic examination of a urine sample for casts, the sediment is examined under which objective?

Answer 45

Low-power objective

Question 46

A patient with pseudogout (degenerative arthritis) would be expected tonhave what kind of crystals in their synovial fluid

Answer 46

Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate

Question 47

Bacterial decomposition of urea produces urine that has an odor of

Answer 47

Ammonia

Question 48

The urinalysis reagent atrip reaction that reacts specifically to the presence of increased numbers of certain bacteria in the urine is

Answer 48

Nitrite

Question 49

An examination for the presence if white blood cells in a stool sample is performed to:

Answer 49

aid in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea

Question 50

The sulfosalicylic acid precipitation confirmatiry test is useful in detecting

Answer 50

Proteins other than albumin

Question 51

Which of the following is most often associated with the formation of serous fluid transudate?

Answer 51

Systemic disease

Question 52

Which of the following laboratory results would point to a diagnosis od acute nephritic syndrome? A) Increased serum protein, increased GFR, and hematuria B) Increased WBCs in the urine, bacteria in the urine, decreased GFR, and proteinuria C) Normal serum urea and creatinine, increased GFR, and massive proteinuria D) Hematuria, sodium retention, decreased GFR, and proteinuria

Answer 52

Hematuria, sodium retention, decreased GFR, and proteinuria

Question 53

The functional unit of the kidney is the

Answer 53

Nephron

Question 54

If a physician orders a creatinine clearance on an individual, what is he or she attempting to determine?

Answer 54

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 55

The major function of the Loop of Henle in the kidney is to

Answer 55

adjust urine osmolality

Question 56

Upon microscopic examination, a patient's urine exhibits many bacteria, WBCs, and cellular casts composed if PMNs. It is likely thay this individual has

Answer 56

Pyelonephritis

Question 57

If a freshly voided morning urine specimen has a pH of 6.0 in the absence of any other systemic disease, what is the likely cause?

Answer 57

this pH is within the healthy reference interval for this specimen

Question 58

Damage to the glomerulus would be suspected when the urine sediment contains

Answer 58

RBC casts

Question 59

The portion of a nephron that is most important in maintaining plasma electrolyte balance is the

Answer 59

Distal tubule

Question 60

The most common glomerular disease worldwide is

Answer 60

IgA nephropathy

Question 61

A man comes to his physician with generalized weakness and fatigue. Blood is collected and an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis is noted. Serum protein is moderately decreased, but urine reagent dipstick does not indicate proteinuria. Upon confirmatory testing with a precipitation test, the urine protein is 4+. Based on the symptoms, the physician suspects multiple myeloma. What might be the cause of the discrepancy in the urine protein values?

Answer 61

Reagent dipsticks respond mostly to utine albumin and not other proteins.

Question 62

What would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temperature for three hours before analysis?

Answer 62

pH

Question 63

Which of urine result is most apt to be changed by prolonged exposure to light?

Answer 63

Bilirubin