Urinalysis and Body Fluids Flashcards
How do you obtain a clean catch urine specimen?
Clean external genitalia, void few mL of urine into the toilet, and then collect midstream flow.
The three-glass method of urine collection is performed to assess _________
Prostate infections
In a urine sample that is being examined microscopically, the best way to differentiate yeast from RBCs is to:
Add a drop of dilute acetic acid to the urine to lyse the RBCs
A low seminal fluid volume of 1.0 mL containing a sperm count of 5 million/mL would indicate:
Infertility
The active accumulation of fluid within body cavities caused by infection, malignancies, or inflammation damaging the vascular wall is known as a(n):
Effusion
What substance besides red blood cells and hemoglobin will react with the blood pad on the reagent test strip?
Myoglobin
The normal healthy reference intervals of CSF total protein is approximately:
20-50 mg/mL
The pigment responsible for normal urine color that present in the highest concentration is:
Urochrome
To determine if a specimen is urine, one should measure the concentrations of:
Urea and Creatinine
A positive bilirubin results is noted on the reagent strip used for a routine urinalysis, and bilirubin crystals are noted on the microscopic examination. This would indicate:
Liver disease
Sperm motility that is ranked at a value 3.0 indicates that the sperms are:
Mobile with moderate linear progression
A positive chemical reagent strip test for blood with no red blood cells found in the sediment indicates:
The presence of hemoglobin or myoglobin
A dark, amber-colored random urine sample can be caused by:
Dehydration
The reagent strip method used to detect protein in the urine is based on:
The protein error of indicators
A synovial fluid was received in the lab from a 25-year-old man who had a recent hockey injury. In the days following injury, he reported progressively increasing pain and swelling. The final lab report was as follows: Color brownish green
Septic inflammation
The finding of indigo-blue colored urin is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:
Tryptophan
A woman with a history of miscarriages visits her OB for assessment of pregnancy. She sees the doctor every few days tobhave her HCG level tested. The HCG levels begin at 5 IU/L and appear to double every 7 to 8 days. What is indicated by these results?
Normal pregnancy
A pink-orange acidic urine becomes turbid after it has been refrigerated. This is most likely caused by:
Amorphous urates
A CSF glucose concentration of 35 mg/dL would indicate:
Bacterial meningitis
The normal glomerular filtrate volume per minute is:
120 mL/min
Observations of urine color and clarity should be performed using:
A well-mixed uncentrifuged specimen
The nephritic syndrom frequently occurs as a complication of:
systemic shock
Malabsorption of fats by gastrointestinal system is called
Steatorrhea
The number and type of casts found in urine sediment reflect:
The extent of renal tubular involvement in the disease processes
The hormone responsible for maintenance of sodium balance through its action on the renal tubules is:
Aldosterone
A man with normal fluid intake excreted 1400 mL of urine in 24 hours. This urine volume can be best described as:
Normal
Ketones in the urine are frequently associated with
Acidosis
A yellow-brown urine results from the excretion of:
Bilirubin
Which of the following terms is correctly matched with the definition if urine output?
A) Polyuria: lavk of urine output
B) Anuria: decreased urine output at night
C) Oliguria: decreased urine output
D) Nocturia: increased urine output
Oliguria: decreased urine output
Urine that has a mousy order typically indicated:
Phenylketonuria
Normal crystals found in alkaline urine include:
Triple phosphates
Amorphous urates
Ammonium biurate
Synovial fluid is collected by
Arthrocentesis
The protein reagent pad on a urine reagent testing strip is specific for:
Albumin
The function of ADH is to:
Control water reabsorption by the tubules
An individual with hepatic cirrhosis has exceas peritoneal fluid in his abdominal cavity between the two layers of mesothelial cells. This abnormal fluid buildup is referred to as a(n):
Transudate
Most renal calculi contain:
Calcium and Oxalate
Regarding gastric fluid analysis, what does the term “achlorydia” mean?
The physiological failure if gastric fluid pH to fall below 3.5 or 1.0 pH unit with gastric stimulation
Melena is
a large amount of blood in a stool sample
The cavities of the body that hold abdominal organs, lungs, and the heart are lined by two membranes consisting of which cell type?
Mesothelial cells
Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by:
Polydipsia, polyuria and urine with low specific gravity
Teating of urine specimen must occurr within how many hours after collection
2 hours
Glomerular basement membrane thickening occurs in membranous glomerulonephritis as a result of deposition of:
Immune complexes
Cellular casts degenerate into:
Granular casts
The type of cells that line the bladder:
Transitional epithelial cells
Urine with fixed specific gravity equal to 1.010 is termed:
Isosthenuric
To perform a microscopic examination of a urine sample for casts, the sediment is examined under which objective?
Low-power objective
A patient with pseudogout (degenerative arthritis) would be expected tonhave what kind of crystals in their synovial fluid
Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate
Bacterial decomposition of urea produces urine that has an odor of
Ammonia
The urinalysis reagent atrip reaction that reacts specifically to the presence of increased numbers of certain bacteria in the urine is
Nitrite
An examination for the presence if white blood cells in a stool sample is performed to:
aid in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea
The sulfosalicylic acid precipitation confirmatiry test is useful in detecting
Proteins other than albumin
Which of the following is most often associated with the formation of serous fluid transudate?
Systemic disease
Which of the following laboratory results would point to a diagnosis od acute nephritic syndrome?
A) Increased serum protein, increased GFR, and hematuria
B) Increased WBCs in the urine, bacteria in the urine, decreased GFR, and proteinuria
C) Normal serum urea and creatinine, increased GFR, and massive proteinuria
D) Hematuria, sodium retention, decreased GFR, and proteinuria
Hematuria, sodium retention, decreased GFR, and proteinuria
The functional unit of the kidney is the
Nephron
If a physician orders a creatinine clearance on an individual, what is he or she attempting to determine?
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
The major function of the Loop of Henle in the kidney is to
adjust urine osmolality
Upon microscopic examination, a patient’s urine exhibits many bacteria, WBCs, and cellular casts composed if PMNs. It is likely thay this individual has
Pyelonephritis
If a freshly voided morning urine specimen has a pH of 6.0 in the absence of any other systemic disease, what is the likely cause?
this pH is within the healthy reference interval for this specimen
Damage to the glomerulus would be suspected when the urine sediment contains
RBC casts
The portion of a nephron that is most important in maintaining plasma electrolyte balance is the
Distal tubule
The most common glomerular disease worldwide is
IgA nephropathy
A man comes to his physician with generalized weakness and fatigue. Blood is collected and an elevated WBC count with lymphocytosis is noted. Serum protein is moderately decreased, but urine reagent dipstick does not indicate proteinuria. Upon confirmatory testing with a precipitation test, the urine protein is 4+. Based on the symptoms, the physician suspects multiple myeloma. What might be the cause of the discrepancy in the urine protein values?
Reagent dipsticks respond mostly to utine albumin and not other proteins.
What would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temperature for three hours before analysis?
pH
Which of urine result is most apt to be changed by prolonged exposure to light?
Bilirubin
