Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Labs > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

What does positive ketones suggest in a urine?

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Low carb diet
  3. DKA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many bacteria in the urine make it a positive culture in an asymptomatic patient?

A

> 100,000 CFU/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bacteria in the urine make it a positive culture in a symptomatic patient?

A

100-100,000 CFU/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the range for minimal protein in the urine from a 24 hour urine sample and what does it mean?

A
  1. <0.5g/day

Exercise, concentrated urine, fever, cystitis, polycystic kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the range for moderate protein in the urine from a 24 hour urine sample and what does it mean?

A
  1. 0.5-3g/day

Mild DM nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the range for marked protein in the urine from a 24 hour urine sample and what does it mean?

A
  1. > 3g/day

Lupus nephritis, AGN, severe DM nephropathy, amyloid disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When looking at the albumin/creatinine ratio from the urine how do you know if a patient is in chronic kidney failure?

A

> 17 mg/g males

> 25mg/g females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the significance if the urine is colorless or pale?

A

Diabetes insipidus, alcohol, increased fluid intake, water intoxication related to psychiatric meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the significance if the urine is red or brown?

A

Blood, porphyrin, food (beets, rhubarb, food coloring), meds (sulfisoxazole, phenytoin, cascara, chlorpromazine, rifampin, senna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the significance if the urine is orange?

A

Decreased oral intake, urobilinogen, fever, meds (pyridium, sulfa, nitrofurantoin), foods (carrots, rhubarb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the significance if the urine is blue or green?

A

Pseudomonas, meds(amitriptyline, methylene blue, vitamin B complex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the significance if the urine is brown or black?

A

Hemorrhage, melanin, bilirubin, methemoglobin, myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the significance if the urine is cloudy?

A

bacteria, pus, prostatic fluid, semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the significance if the urine is milky?

A

Pyuria, hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance if the urine is foamy?

A

Cirrhosis, bilirubin, bile, hepatitis, obstructive liver disease, proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the significance if the urine smells like ammonia?

A

Urea breakdown, increased nitrites

17
Q

What is the significance if the urine is foul smelling?

A

Bacteria

18
Q

What is the significance if the urine is mousy smelling?

A

Phenylketonuria

19
Q

What is the significance if the urine is fruity smelling?

A

DM, starvation or extreme dieting, anorexia, bulimia

20
Q

What is a normal pH of urine?

A

4.6-6.5

21
Q

What causes the pH of urine to be <4.6?

A

Acidosis, high-protein diet, severe diarrhea/vomiting, severe COPD, renal stones and Metformin

22
Q

What causes the pH of urine to be 6.5-8?

A

Bacteriuria, UTI, metabolic alkalosis, meds (neomycin, sulfa, potassium citrate

23
Q

What is the normal specific gravity of urine?

A

1.005-1.030

24
Q

What causes the specific gravity to be <1.005?

A

Diabetes insipidus, increased oral intake and diuretics

25
Q

What causes the specific gravity to be >1.030?

A

Decreased oral intake, dehydration, fever, excess vomiting/diarrhea, iodine dye, DM

26
Q

Is protein in urine supposed to be negative or positive?

A

Negative; if >2+ should obtain a 24 hour urine for protein and creatinine clearance

27
Q

Is glucose supposed to be in urine?

A

No

28
Q

What is the significance of glucose in urine?

A

DM, CVA, anesthesia, extreme stress, meds (ASA, cephalosporin, Vit C, and epinephrine)

29
Q

What is the significance of ketones in the urine?

A

High protein diet, decreased oral intake, heat exhaustion, early DKA, fever, hyperthyroidism

30
Q

What is the significance of bilirubin being in the urine?

A

Hepatitis, cirrhosis, obstructive gallbladder disease

31
Q

What is the significance if the urobilinogen is >2mg/dl?

A

It can be due to normal bile metabolism, HF, hyperthyroidism or neomycin

32
Q

What is the significance if leukocyte esterase is positive?

A

Infection

33
Q

What is the significance if the nitrite is positive?

A

Infection

34
Q

What is the significance if there is blood in the urine?

A

Kidney stones, cancer, infection, menses, transfusion reaction, trauma, foley, polycystic kidneys, or anticoagulants

Labs (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions