Urinalysis

Question 1

increased specific gravity ( conc urine)

Answer 1

1. Dehydration

2. Proteinuria

Question 2

Decreased specific gravity (dilute urine)

Answer 2

1. Diabetes inspisitus
2. Renal failure
3. Excess hydration

Question 3

Blood

Answer 3

ONNIT
1. Obstruction
2, Neoplasm
3. Nephritic syndrome ( glomerularnephritis)
4. Inflammation ( UTI )
5. Trauma

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

1. Gluconephritis, interstitial nephritis
2. Myeloma ( bone marrow cancer )
3. UTI

Question 5

Leukocytes

Answer 5

UTI

Question 6

Nitrates

Answer 6

UTI

Question 7

Ketones

Answer 7

1. Diabetic ketoacidosis
2. Alcoholism
3. Pregnancy
4. Hyperthyroidism

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

1. Hyperglycaeumia - diabetes mellitus, Cushing, Acromegaly
2. Pregancy
3. Steroids, Thiazides

Question 9

Bilirubin

Answer 9

only congugated as uncongugated is insoluble
• Bile duct obstruction
• Liver disease

Question 10

Urobilonogen

Answer 10

1. Inc - haemolytic anaemia, malaria

2. Bile duct obstruction

Question 11

Further inves

Answer 11

1. Liver function tests
2. Blood glucose measurements
3. Urine culture