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VisDis > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Patient presents with a 🐝 sting and sever edema (an indication of nephrotic syndrome)
What would you expect to find in the urine

A

Protein

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2
Q

Patient has been in the office on a few occasions and on each occasion the UA results show a S.G. of 1.010
What does this indicate or how is it significant

A

Renal failure

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3
Q

Which test evaluates the ability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine

A

Specific gravity

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4
Q

Your patient is an alcoholic, their UA - dark yellow, increase bilirubin, increased tyrosine
What do you suspect

A

Liver disease

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5
Q

If your patient has microhematuria what findings might you expect to see on the UA

A

Occult blood, RBCs, and yellow colored urine

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6
Q

You take a lateral lumbar film on your patient who has a renal calculi
Where do you expect to find the stone

A

Overlying the vertebral body

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7
Q

The UA you took on a patient was left at room temp

What might you expect to find present

A

RBC lysis

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8
Q

What do RBC casts indicate

A

Glomerular nephritis

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9
Q

What is the primary indicator of renal disease

A

Proteinuria

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10
Q

Patient presents with left arm pain, there is an occolt blood present
What do you expect to find in the urine

A

Myoglobinuria

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11
Q

Patients UA shows yellow color urine which is hazy, pH of 6, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacteria
What is your diagnosis

A

Vaginal contamination

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12
Q

Patient has pain on urination, increased bacteria, cloudy urine, 30-40 WBCs
What is your diagnosis

A

Cystitis

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13
Q

6 year old patient with smokey colored urine, +2 proteins, 3 RBC casts, and occult blood
What is your diagnosis

A

Glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

40 year old male patient with pH of 6, 1.5 urobilinogen, greenish brown colored urine, patient complains of right upper quadrant pain
What is your diagnosis

A

Liver disfunction

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15
Q

What is the confirmatory test for protein

A

SSA

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16
Q

Orthostatic Proteinuria indicates normal urine when — and Proteinuria when — and may be associated with —

A

Supine, standing, hyper lordosis

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17
Q

Flank pain might be associated with what color urine

A

Smokey

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18
Q

Right upper quadrant pain might be associated with — problems and urine colored —

A

Liver, brownish green

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19
Q

Isothenuria is indicated with what measurement and indicates what

A

Specific gravity of 1.010, end stage renal failure

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20
Q

What does an SSA study confirm

A

Proteinuria

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21
Q

Where are casts formed

A

Renal tubules

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22
Q

Excess glucose in the urine may indicate

A

Diabetes

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23
Q

Increased RBCs and change in color indicate what

A

Hematuria

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24
Q

Increased RBCs and no change in color indicate what

A

Microhematuria

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25
Q

Increased WBCs and burning upon urination indicate what

A

Lower UTI

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26
Q

What is the normal range for specific gravity

A

1.015-1.035

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27
Q

A fruity or sweet odor to urine may indicate what

A

Diabetes mellitus

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28
Q

A foul or fishy smelling urine may indicate what

A

UTI

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29
Q

A feces odor to urine may indicate what

A

Asparagus, enterobladder fistula

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30
Q

What is the normal pH range for urine

A

4.5-7.5

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31
Q

What is the normal pH range for blood

A

7.35-7.45

32
Q

A patient presents with pH of 5, +2 sugar and smoke ketones

What might the diagnosis be

A

Diabetic acidosis

33
Q

A patient presents with a pH of 5 but everything else is within the normal ranges and the patient has emphysema
What might be the diagnosis

A

Respiratory acidosis

34
Q

What stones are most likely to form in acidic urine

A

Xanthine, cysteine, uric acid

35
Q

What stones are most likely to form in alkaline urine

A

Calcium carbonate, calcium and magnesium, magnesium phosphate stones

36
Q

A diet high in what promotes alkaline pH in the urine

A

A diet high in veggies and citrus fruits

37
Q

A diet high in what promotes acidic pH in urine

A

Meats and cranberries

38
Q

In diabetic patients ketonuria suggests what

A

Uncontrolled disease

39
Q

How much of hematuria in children is idiopathic

A

1/3

40
Q

Protein in the urine suggest what type of urinary tract infection

A

Upper UTI

41
Q

Is urolithiasis more common in males or females

A

Males

42
Q

Pain starting in the kidney and radiAting in the abdomen genetailia and legs may be indicative of what

A

Renal calculi

43
Q

Which amino acids present in the urine may indicate sever liver disease

A

Tyrosine, leusine,cytosine

44
Q

When the report does not indicate what type epithelial cells was found what type is generally assumed

A

Squamous

45
Q

Renal epithelial cells present in the urine may indicate what

A

Kidney disease

46
Q

If bacteria and epithelial cells are present without any other findings indicating infection (no WBCs mucous or nitrates)
What may be indicated

A

Contamination (especially vaginal)

47
Q

RBC blood casts come from what

A

Upper urinary tract bleeding

48
Q

WBC blood casts come from what

A

Upper UTI (pyelonephritis)

49
Q

A very low specific gravity to the urine may indicate what

A

The kidney is not functioning properly

50
Q

Pyelonephritis is an infection of what part of the kidney

A

The interstitum

51
Q

A milky coloring of the urine may indicate what

A

Hyperlipidemia

52
Q

Proteins are usually present with what type of UTI

A

Upper UTI

53
Q

Pubic pain is usually present with what type of UTI

A

Lower UTI

54
Q

Casts are not usually present with what type of UTI

A

Lower UTI

55
Q

Flank pain is usually associated with what type of UTI

A

Upper UTI

56
Q

Lower back pain is usually associated with what type of UTI

A

Lower UTI

57
Q

Glitter cells might indicate what

A

UTI

58
Q

Waxy, broad, and fatty casts might indicate what

A

Chronic renal failure

59
Q

WBC casts are indicative of

A

Pyelonephritis

60
Q

Red and dark brown urine

A

Blood (high Hgb)

Menses, UTI, malignancy, prostate

61
Q

Smokey, red, pink, brown urine

A

Blood

Yellow urine with red blood

62
Q

Red or pink urine

A

Beets

Diet can effect color

63
Q

Orange urine

A

Concentrated urine

Dehydration, fever, vomiting…

64
Q

Bright yellow urine

A

Excessive vitamins

65
Q

Black urine

A

Alkaptonuria, melanin

66
Q

Colorless urine

A

DI, over hydration, low specific gravity

DI= low pituitary ADH

67
Q

Brownish yellow green urine

A

Check bilirubin and urobilinogen

Liver disease

68
Q

Milky urine

A

Risk factor for heart disease

Hyperlipidemia

69
Q

Slightly hazy urine

A

Usually normal - ? Sediment

70
Q

Cloudy urine

A

Insignificant if with crystals

May = pus, bacteria, RBCs, sperm

71
Q

Hazy, cloudy urine

A

Infection

72
Q

Frothy urine

A

Protein

73
Q

Acidic #

A
74
Q

Acidic urine disease processes

A

Respiratory acidosis-emphysema
Metabolic acidosis-sugars, diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic mellitus

75
Q

Basic/alkaline #

A

> 7

Diet high in citrus fruit and veggie

76
Q

Basic/alkaline urine disease processes

A

Respiratory alkalosis-hyperventilation

Metabolic alkalosis

77
Q

Protein +4 disease process

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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