Urinalysis Flashcards
What transparency is the urine if crystals, infection, mucus, casts, sperm, etc. are present?
Cloudy
What can be the cause for urine the smell like acetone?
Ketoacidosis
A foul smell in the odor is sometimes noticed if there are what in the urine?
Bacteria
What is the normal urine production for dogs per day in mL per pound?
12-30 mL
What is the normal urine production for cats per day in mL per pound?
5-9 mL
What is the normal urine production for bovine per day in mL per pound?
8-20 mL
What is the normal urine production for equine per day in mL per pound?
2-8 mL
What is the normal urine production for swine per day in mL per pound?
2-14 mL
What is the normal urine production for sheep/goats per day in mL per pound?
4.5-18 mL
What is normal specific gravity?
1.025-1.050
Dilute urine samples (less than 1.025) may be caused by?
renal failure or increased drinking
Hyper concentrated samples (greater than 1.050) is most often a results of?
Dehydration
What is the term for a low concentration (1.008-1.012)?
Isosthenuria
What is the term for the inability to concentrate (less than 1.008)?
hyposthenuria
What test for for acidity?
pH
A pH less than 7 is
acidic
A pH greater than 7 is
alkaline
Samples left sitting out for periods of time may result in what type of pH?
alkaline
What is often related to diet, medication or time of collection?
pH
What often indicates UTI, especially renal disease?
Protein
What test can confirm there is protein in the urine?
Sulfosalicylic acid test
What occurs when the renal threshold of glucose is exceeded (more than 170 mg/dl in dogs)?
Glucosuria
What is the most common cause of glucosuria?
Diabetes
Increased catabolism of fatty acids results in?
ketonuria
Pregnancy toxemia, diabetes, and starvation/prolonged hypoglycemia can cause?
ketonuria
What result can be normal in dogs and cattle but it is never normal in cats, pigs, sheep, or horses?
Bilirubin
The presence of bilirubin suggest?
biliary obstruction or hemolytic anemia
How is bilirubin confirmed in the urine?
Ictotest
Reagent strip will react to erythrocytes, hemoglobin and myoglobin if what is in the urine?
Blood
What suggest bleeding from the urinary or genital tract if blood is found on urine dipstick?
Erythrocytes
What suggests intravascular hemolysis if blood is found on urine dipstick
Hemoglobin
What suggests muscle damage if blood is found on urine dipstick
Myoglobin
What could be the result for a bacteriuria?
Nitrate
What can be more reliable in dogs on a test strip but false positives are very common in cats?
Leukocytes
How should you confirm if a urine dipstick has leukocytes?
sediment exam
When the urine sample is centrifuged for a sediment evaluation on low speed what is separated?
Sediment from the supernatant
What is poured off after centrifuging the urine?
Supernatant
Animals with ethylene glycol toxicity often have what type of crystals?
calcium oxalate
