Urinalysis

Question 0

What is an abnormal color for urine?

Answer 0

Dark brown or black

Question 1

Describe the normal color of urine

Answer 1

pale straw to dark amber

Question 2

What is the normal PH for urine?

Answer 2

4.5-8

Question 3

What is an acidic PH for urine?

Answer 3

4.5-5.5

Question 4

What is a basic PH for urine?

Answer 4

6.5-8

Question 5

What is the normal specific gravity of urine?

Answer 5

1.003-1.035

Question 6

What does specific gravity reflect?

Answer 6

The ability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute urine

Question 7

What is isothenuria?

Answer 7

When there is kidney disease and the ability to concentrate urine is lost, and SG may be fixed at 1.01

Question 8

What is the normal volume of urine per 24 hrs?

Answer 8

500-2000cc

Question 9

what is oliguria?

Answer 9

<500cc urine/24hr

Question 10

what is anuria?

Answer 10

<100cc urine/ml

Question 11

what is polyuria?

Answer 11

excessive amounts of urine, w/ SG 1-1.002

Question 12

what is the range for glucose plasma to spill over into the urine?

Answer 12

150-180 cc

Question 13

what can cause false negatives for glucose in the urine?

Answer 13

ascorbic acid (vit c), and aspirin

Question 14

What are ketones products of?

Answer 14

Incomplete fat metabolism

Question 15

What is the normal amount of protein in the urine?

Answer 15

<150 mg

Question 16

What is the make up of urine protein?

Answer 16

30% albumin, 30% globulin, 40% Tam-horsfall

Question 17

What will a high SG reflect in protein levels

Answer 17

high protein

Question 18

What can give false positives for high urine protein

Answer 18

high alkaline, hematuria, high SG, pyridium

Question 19

what is microalbuminuria an early sign of

Answer 19

diabetic nephropathy

Question 20

what is the lowest level of albumin a dipstick can detect

Answer 20

300 mg

Question 21

what is the best strategy for albumin level testing

Answer 21

10-24 hr urine collections

Question 22

what is the next best albumin level detection method

Answer 22

albumin/creatinine ratio

Question 23

what is the normal albumin level

Answer 23

<30mg

Question 24

what is the microalbumnuria range

Answer 24

30-300mg

Question 25

what is proteinuria the first sign of?

Answer 25

kidney disease, endothelial dysfunction

Question 26

what are the therapies for proteinuria

Answer 26

ACE inhibitors, d/c BP, decrease protein intake

Question 27

what is the range of RBC that the dipstick is sensitive to

Answer 27

5-10RBC

Question 28

How many RBC is abnormal

Answer 28

>3

Question 29

what does bacteria do in the urine

Answer 29

reduces nitrate to nitrite

Question 30

what is a normal test result for nitrite

Answer 30

negative

Question 31

what can cause false negative for nitrite

Answer 31

urine in the bladder <4 hrs, diet deficient in nitrate, bacteria lacking enzymes

Question 32

what is the sensitivity for UTI on nitrite test

Answer 32

50%

Question 33

what does leukocyte esterase detect

Answer 33

5-15 WBC and lyses WBC

Question 34

what can cause a false positive for leukocyte esterase

Answer 34

vaginal contamination and trichomonads

Question 35

what is the leukocyte esterase sensitivity for UTI

Answer 35

80-90%

Question 36

in what disease is bilirubin and urobilinogen excreted in the urine

Answer 36

liver disease

Question 37

what does bilirubin do to urine color

Answer 37

turn it brown

Question 38

what are RBC/WBC reported in

Answer 38

high power field

Question 39

what are casts reported in

Answer 39

low power field

Question 40

what do RBC look like in urine

Answer 40

refractile disk, shrunken

Question 41

what range of WBC is normal

Answer 41

0-5

Question 42

10-20 WBC means what?

Answer 42

suspicious of UTI

Question 43

what does >20 WBC mean

Answer 43

UTI

Question 44

what test can you do w/ or after UA?

Answer 44

c/s, order reflex to avoid unnecessary costs

Question 45

what are oval fat bodies

Answer 45

degenerated tubular cells,

Question 46

what do squamous epithelial cells indicate

Answer 46

contaminated specimen, skin /external urethral origin

Question 47

where are urine casts formed

Answer 47

distal convoluted tubule only

Question 48

what are hyaline casts.

Answer 48

benign, composed of mucoprotein (tamm-horsfall)

Question 49

what do RBC cast indicate

Answer 49

glomerular nephritis

Question 50

what do WBC cast indicate

Answer 50

pyelonephritis

Question 51

what do tubular cell cast indicate

Answer 51

injury to tubular epithelium

Question 52

granular casts derive from what

Answer 52

renal tubular cell casts

Question 53

waxy coats are products of what

Answer 53

renal tubular cell cast

Question 54

what do waxy coats look like

Answer 54

sharp edges and cracks, broad cast from damage dilated tubules

Question 55

what shapre are triple phosphate crystals

Answer 55

rectangles

Question 56

what shape are cystine crystals

Answer 56

octagons