Urinalysis

Question 1

Where is water reabsorbed in the nephron?

Answer 1

1. PCT —> 30-40% left in filtrate
2. Descending LOH —> 15-20%
   X. Ascending LOH
3. DCT —> 7-10%
4. Collecting duct —> 1-2% left in urine

Question 2

Where is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

Answer 2

All glucose reabsorbed in PCT —> 0% in urine

Question 3

Where is sodium reabsorbed in the nephron?

Answer 3

1. PCT —> 30-40% left in filtrate
   X. Descending LOH
2. Ascending LOH —> 15-20%
3. DCT —> 5-7%
4. Collecting duct —> 0-1% left in urine

Question 4

Where is inulin reabsorbed in the nephron?

Answer 4

No inulin reabsorbed —> 100% in urine

Question 5

Which 9 substances are tested in a urine dipstick?

Answer 5

1. Leukocytes
2. Nitrite
3. Ketones
4. Glucose
5. Low specific gravity
6. Protein
7. Blood
8. Bilirubin
9. Urobilinogen

Question 6

What may leukocytes detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 6

UTI

Question 7

What may nitrite detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 7

Gram-negative bacterial infection

Question 8

What may ketones detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 8

Starving/fasting
Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 9

What may glucose detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 9

Diabetes mellitus

Question 10

What may low specific gravity detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 10

Diabetes insipidus

Question 11

What may proteins detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 11

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

What may blood detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 12

Nephrotic syndrome
Kidney stones
UTI

Question 13

What may bilirubin detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 13

Liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis)
Gallstones

Question 14

What may urobilinogen detected by a urine dipstick indicate?

Answer 14

Liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis)
Haemolysis

Question 15

What are the 5 steps of performing a urine dipstick test?

Answer 15

1. Wear gloves and label dipsticks
2. Immerse dipstick test area in urine
3. Tap dipstick perpendicular to blotting paper —>
   remove excess fluid —> prevent colour bleeding
4. Rest dipstick on blotting paper facing up —> test
   area can’t touch blotting paper
5. Wait 45s —> hold dipstick against colour chart