URINALYSIS

Question 1

Reading time of glucose and its principles

Answer 1

30s
DOUBLE SEQUENTIAL ENZYMATIC REACTION

Question 2

Reagent strip reaction of glucose

Answer 2

REAGENT STRIP MANUFACTURERS USE SEVERAL DIFFERENT CHROMOGENS, INCLUDING POTASSIUM IODIDE (GREEN TO BROWN) AND TETRAMETHYLBENZIDINE (YELLOW TO GREEN)

Question 3

Clinical significance of glucose

Answer 3

Hyperglycemia:
DM, ACROMEGALY, CUSHING’S SYNDROME

RENAL ASSOCIATED:
FANCONI SYNDROME, PREGNANCY

Question 4

Significance of colorless and pale yellow urine

Answer 4

Recent fluid consumption
Polyuria
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus

Question 5

Significance of dark yellow, amber, and orange urine

Answer 5

Concentrated specimen
Medicines like bilirubin pyridium

Question 6

Significance of yellow brown and yellow green

Answer 6

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

Question 7

Significance of green and blue green urine

Answer 7

Pseudomonas infection
Phenol

Question 8

Significance of pink and red urine

Answer 8

Menstrual contamination
RBC
Hemoglobin
Beets
Rifampin
Porphyrin

Question 9

Significance of brown and black urine

Answer 9

RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin
Homogentistic acid
Melanin or melanogen

Question 10

No. Of hours processing the urine

Answer 10

1-2 hrs

Question 11

Terminology: clear

Answer 11

Transparent no visible particles

Question 12

Terminology: hazy

Answer 12

Few particles, print easily seen

Question 13

Terminology: cloudy

Answer 13

Many particles, print blurred through urine

Question 14

Terminology: turbid

Answer 14

Print cannot be seen through urine

Question 15

Terminology: milky

Answer 15

May precipitate or clot

Question 16

Chemical examination provides what information

Answer 16

Patient’s carbohydrate metabolism
Kidney and liver function
Acid-base balance