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Clinical Microscopy > URINALYSIS > Flashcards

URINALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

Renal Blood Flow

A

Afferent arteriole —> Glomerulus —> Efferent arteriole —> Peritubular capillaries —-> Vasa Recta —-> Renal vein

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2
Q

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water

A

Ascending Loop of Henle

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3
Q

Glucose will appear in the urine if:

A

Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded (160-180 mg/dL)

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4
Q

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

A

Inability to produce an acidic urine due to impaired production of ammonia

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5
Q

Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure substances that are:

A

Neither reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules

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6
Q

Osmolality is a measure of:

A

Dissolved particles, including ions

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7
Q

Which of the following parameters are measured during the course of concentration and dilution test to assess renal tubular function?

A

Osmolality and SG

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8
Q

Corrects renal blood flow by VASODILATION OF THE AFFERENT ARTERIOLES & CONSTRICTION OF THE EFFERENT ARTERIOLES

A

Angiotensin II

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9
Q

Parameters of Cockcroft - Gault Formula: For estimated GFR

A

BAGS
Body weight in kg
Age
Gender/ Sex
Serum creatinine

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10
Q

Modification of Diet in renal Disease (MDRD) Formula

A

RAGS
Race
Age
Gender
Serum creatinine

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11
Q

Normal creatinine clearance:

A

120 mL/min

Men: 107-139 mL/min
Women: 87 - 107 mL/min

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12
Q

Substances in Active Transport

A

GACS
Glucose, AA, Salts
Chloride
Sodium

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13
Q

Substances in Passive transport

A

WUS

Water - PCT, DoH, CT
Urea
Sodium

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14
Q

Greatest source of error in GF Clearance test

A

Improperly timed urine specimens

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15
Q

Single marker that denotes renal failure

A

Creatinine

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16
Q

MArker of renal tubular integrity

A

B2- MICROglobulin

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17
Q

How many mL of urine is needed in drug testing?

A

30-45 mL in 60 mL container capacity

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18
Q

Temperature of urine in drug testing? How long before you measure the urine in drug testing?

A

32.5 - 37.7 C

urine temp must be taken within 4 mins of collection

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19
Q

___ hours contact time for the bacteria to turn nitrate to nitrite

A

4

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20
Q

What tests would determine if the specimen is a urine

A

Urea and creatinine

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21
Q

A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using:

A

Refrigeration

Boric acid - strasinger

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22
Q

For general screening, the most frequently collected specimen is:

A

Random urine

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23
Q

If a px fails to discard the first specimen when collecting a timed specimen, the:

A

Specimen must be RECOLLECTED and results will FALSELY DEC

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24
Q

Primary cause of unsatisfactory results in an unpreserved routine specimen not tested for 8 hours is:

A

Bacterial growth

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25
Q

After receiving a 24 hour urine for quanti total protein analysis, what should u do

A

Measure the total volume

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26
Q

Urine spx are thrown into biohazardous waste container: T or F

A

False

27
Q

When should u measure urobilinogen determination

A

2pm - 4pm

28
Q

Imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

A

Urobilin

29
Q

Urine of px with diabetes mellitus

A

Colorless - pale yellow
HIGH SG - due to glycosuria and polyuria

30
Q

Normal range of urine volume

A

Normal: 600 to 2000 mL
average: 1200 to 1500 mL

31
Q

Color of urine when there is phenol poisoning

A

Brown

Green - if oxidized to quinines

32
Q

Transparent, no visible particulates

A

CLEAR

33
Q

Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

A

Hazy

34
Q

Many particulates, print blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

35
Q

Print cannot be seen through urine

A

Turbid

36
Q

Urine: May precipitate or clot

A

Milky

37
Q

Possible cause of red urine in children

A

Fuscin and aniline dye

38
Q

Substance in urine that may be colorless due to LEAD POISONING

A

Porphyrin

39
Q

Hyposthenuria

A

<1.010

40
Q

SG of normal urine

A

1.002 - 1.035

41
Q

Isosthenuria

A

1.010 (SG of filtrate leaving the glomerulus)

indicates loss of renal concentrating and diluting ability

42
Q

Hypersthenuria

A

> 1.010

43
Q

Principle of reagent strip

A

pKa change of a polyelectrolyte

44
Q

Normal pH of urine

A

pH: 5.0 - 6.0

45
Q

Can be seen in acidic urine due to respiratory acidosis; lungs cannot exhale CO2

A

Emphysema

46
Q

Reagent strip of urine:

A

Double Indicator System

47
Q

Reagents in pH reagent strip:

A

Methyl red (acidic)
Bromthymol blue (alkaline)

48
Q

Ammoniacal urine

A

Infection

49
Q

Normal odor of urine

A

Faint aromatic odor/ distinct or fragrant smell

50
Q

Fruity, sweet urine

A

Ketone (DM)

51
Q

Rotting fish

A

Trimethylaminuria

52
Q

Rancid butter

A

Tyrosyluria

53
Q

Sweaty feet

A

Isovaleric acidemia

54
Q

Mousy odor

A

phenylketonuria

55
Q

cabbage odor

A

methionine malabsorption

56
Q

Maple syrup odor

A

MSUD ( high leucine, isoleucine, valine in blood and urine)

57
Q

Bleach

A

contamination

58
Q

Odorless urine

A

Acute tubular necrosis

59
Q

Cystinuria

A

Rotten egg odor

60
Q

Hawkinsinuria

A

Swimming pool odor

61
Q

Conc. of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by:

A

Color

62
Q

A patient with uncontrolled DM will most likely have a urine that is

A

Pale w/ a high specific gravity

63
Q

Makes up the matrix of our urinary cast

A

Tamm-Horsfall protein

Clinical Microscopy (1 decks)

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