Urinalysis

Question 1

Normal UOP for dogs

Answer 1

12-30 mls/ pound

Question 2

Normal UOP for Cats

Answer 2

5-9 mls/ pound

Question 3

Normal UOP for bovine

Answer 3

8-20 mls/ pound

Question 4

Normal UOP for equine

Answer 4

2-8mls/pound

Question 5

Normal UOP for swine

Answer 5

2-14 mls/ pound

Question 6

Normal UOP for sheep/goats

Answer 6

4.5-18mls/ pound

Question 7

A urine specific gravity is measured using ____ and evaluates osmolality of urine which means?

Answer 7

Refractometer, osmolality indicates the concentration of a solution.

Question 8

Normal USG range = ?

Answer 8

1025-1050

Question 9

USG < 1025 indicates?

Answer 9

Renal failure

Question 10

USG > 1050 indicates?

Answer 10

Dehydration

Question 11

Isosthenuria means?

Answer 11

Low USG concentration 1008-1012

Question 12

Hyposthenuria means?

Answer 12

Inability to concentrate USG <1008

Question 13

Urine reagent strip tests?

Answer 13

pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, nitrate, leukocytes.

Question 14

pH; Acidity level <7 = acidic, >7= alkaline

Answer 14

Better to evaluate early morning sample
Related to medications, diet and time of collection

Question 15

Protein; Not normally noted. Indicative of?

Answer 15

Urinary tract disease
Can confirm with sulfosalicylic acid test

Question 16

Glucose- Glucosuria is noted when renal glucose threshold exceeds 170mg/dl in dogs is not usually noted but may be indicative of?

Answer 16

Diabetes
Kidney disease may cause glucosuria
In cats can mean excited/stress

Question 17

Ketones- increased catobolism of fatty acids results in ketonuria. If noted, indicative of?

Answer 17

Pregnancy, toxemia, diabetes, hypoglycemia, low carb diet.

Question 18

Bilirubin may be normal in dogs/cattle. It is never normal in cats, pigs, sheep or horses. May indicate?

Answer 18

Biliary obstruction
Hemolytic anemia

Question 19

Blood- reagent strip will react to erythrocytes, hemoglobin and myoglobin which can be identified via sediment exam. Indicative of?

Answer 19

Bleeding from urinary or genital tract
Hemoglobin suggest intravascular hemolysis
Myoglobin suggest muscle damage

Question 20

Nitrate- neg result is normal. If noted, indicative of?

Answer 20

Bacteriuria, but neg result does not rule of pretense of bacteria.

Question 21

Leukocytes- false pos. Common in cats, more reliable in dogs. Suggests?

Answer 21

Urinary tract infection or inflammation of the urogenital tract.

Question 22

Urine sediment evaluation

Answer 22

Cells, crystals, casts, bacteria, sperm, fat.

Question 23

Cells

Answer 23

Erythrocytes, leukocytes

Question 24

Crystals

Answer 24

Calcium oxalate- two types:
1. Dehydrate crystals. form in acidic urine, envelope with x across surface
2. Monohydrate crystals. Picket fence shape.

Struvite- form in alkaline urine, coffin lid appearance
Irate

Bilirubin- splat of yellow

Cystine- Caused by renal tubular amino acid reabsorption defect, hexagon appearance.

Question 25

Calcium oxalate crystals are indicative of?

Answer 25

Ethanol glycol toxicity

Question 26

Casts- are cylyndrical molds of renal tubules made of protein cells

Answer 26

Hyaline
Granular
Cellular

Question 27

Bacteria

Answer 27

With pretense of leukocytes indicative of infection