Urinalysis

Question 1

Normal urine color

Answer 1

Pale yellow/yellow

Question 2

Normal urine clarity

Answer 2

Clear

Question 3

Normal urine pH

Answer 3

4.5-8

Question 4

Normal urine specific gravity

Answer 4

1.003-1.03

Question 5

Normal urine protein level

Answer 5

0-8 mg/dL

Question 6

Normal urine glucose level

Answer 6

Very little/none

Question 7

Normal urine ketones level

Answer 7

Absent

Question 8

Normal urine WBC level

Answer 8

None

Question 9

Normal urine RBC level

Answer 9

None

Question 10

Dark urine could mean _____________

Answer 10

Dehydration

Question 11

Cloudy urine could be indicative of _________

Answer 11

Infection, proteins, kidney disease

Question 12

Changes in diet can affect ____________

Answer 12

pH

Question 13

What is specific gravity?

Answer 13

Amount of stuff in urine

Question 14

Higher specific gravity could indicate ____________________

Answer 14

Dehydration, glucose, high ADH

Question 15

Lower specific gravity could indicate __________________________

Answer 15

Hydration/Overhydration

Question 16

If glucose is present, this is an indicator of ________________

Answer 16

Diabetes

Question 17

If leukocytes are present, this could be an indication of ___________________________

Answer 17

Infection or inflammation, possibly due to a UTI

Question 18

Erythrocytes indicate ___________________

Answer 18

damage to glomerulus, tubules, ureters, bladder

Question 19

True/False: The processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the kidney have flexible results

Answer 19

False- they’re set

Question 20

True/False: Urinalysis results can only be applied to disorders related to the urinary system

Answer 20

False- they can be applied to many systems

Question 21

You can look for changes in __________, ____________, and ___________ to indicate problems with overall health

Answer 21

color, clarity, composition

Question 22

Urinalysis

Answer 22

Analysis of urine as a diagnostic means

Question 23

Urinalysis can detect what other diseases?

Answer 23

Metabolic disorders, drug use, hypertension

Question 24

Urinalysis can detect what diseases?

Answer 24

Metabolic disorders, kidney disease, drug use, congestive heart failure, damaged glomerulus/tubules

Question 24

What can cause damage to the glomerulus and tubules?

Answer 24

Drugs, heavy metals, viral infections

Question 25

What kidney problems can urinalysis detect?

Answer 25

Kidney stones, Kidney disease

Question 26

What heart problems can urinalysis detect?

Answer 26

Congestive heart failure, hypertension

Question 27

What does urinalysis consist of?

Answer 27

Macroscopic examination, chemical analysis, microscopic examination

Question 28

What does macroscopic examination look at?

Answer 28

Physical properties

Question 29

Macroscopic examination includes ___________________

Answer 29

Color and clarity

Question 30

What does chemical analysis investigate?

Answer 30

Chemical properties, including:
-pH
-Specific gravity
-Protein levels
-Glucose levels
-Ketone levels

Question 31

What do high ketone levels indicate?

Answer 31

Presence of rapid fat breakdown in urine

Question 32

What types of crystals are normal?

Answer 32

Calcium oxalate, triple phosphate, amorphous phosphate

Question 33

How is microscopic examination done, and what does it measure?

Answer 33

Done with a microscope, RBCs, WBCs, Epithelial cells, crystals, bacteria,

Question 34

What can indicate kidney stones or problems with how the body uses food?

Answer 34

Large # of crystals