Urinalysis

Question 1

What are the 3 ways to catch urine? What is associated with each?

Answer 1

1. Free catch (voided):
2. Cystocentesis
3. Urinary Catheterization

Question 2

What may a voided urine sample contain?

Answer 2

May include contaminants from the genitalia as the sample passes out of the body

Samples not useful for culture

Question 3

What may a urine sample contain when collected via cystocentesis? How is this preformed? When is it indicated?

Answer 3

Collection: Insertion of a needle into the bladder for sterile collection

Samples may contain a
small amount of iatrogenic blood when obtained in this manner

This is the preferred method for urine culture

Question 4

What does the urine color say about the urine?

Answer 4

• Normal urine is yellow
• Whether the urine is dark or light yellow is often a reflection of
  sample concentration or whether it contains pigment such as bilirubin

Question 5

What pigment does bilirubin give to urine?

Answer 5

Bright yellow appearance

Question 6

What is a normal urine transparency in:
- Dogs/cat
- Large animal

Answer 6

• Dog/cat: clear
• Large animal: turbid or cloudy

Question 7

What does the odor of urine tell us?
- Normal
- Ketoacidosis
- Bacteria
- Medications

Answer 7

• Normal: may smell like ammonia
• Ketoacidosis: may smell like acetone
• Bacteria/Medications: may cause a foul odor

Question 8

What is the normal urine production (mL per pound) in Dogs

Answer 8

12-30mL

Question 9

What is the normal urine production (mL per pound) in Cats

Answer 9

5-9mL

Question 10

What is the normal urine production (mL per pound) in Bovine

Answer 10

8-20mL

Question 11

What is the normal urine production (mL per pound) in Equine

Answer 11

2-8mL

Question 12

What is the normal urine production (mL per pound) in Swine

Answer 12

2-14mL

Question 13

What is the normal urine production (mL per pound) in Sheep/Goats

Answer 13

4.5-18mL

Question 14

What is a USG? What does it measure? When is best to preform? What is the normal range

Answer 14

Urine Specific Gravity, evaluates the concentration of urine. Best to use first urine of the day for most accurate results

Normal range: 1.025-1.050

Question 15

What could cause a decreased USG?

Answer 15

The kidneys’ inability to concentrate the sample (renal failure) or by increased drinking due to other reasons (diabetes
mellitus, hypoadrenocorticism, hot weather, etc.).

Question 16

What could cause an increased USG? Greater than what

Answer 16

<1.050

• Most often a result of
  dehydration

Question 17

What is Isosthenuria

Answer 17

is a low concentration (SpG 1.008-1.012)

Question 18

What is Hyposthenuria

Answer 18

Inability to concentrate (SpG <1.008)

Question 19

What is Hypersthenuria

Answer 19

high urine concentration (>1.012)