URI_management_flashcards

Question 1

Acute Otitis Media: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 1

Fever, earache, ear drainage, bulging tympanic membrane.

Question 2

Acute Otitis Media: What is the diagnostic clue?

Answer 2

Bulging tympanic membrane on otoscopy.

Question 3

Acute Otitis Media: What is the treatment for severe illness or bilateral infections?

Answer 3

Amoxicillin.

Question 4

Acute Otitis Media: What is the treatment for mild cases?

Answer 4

Watchful waiting.

Question 5

Acute Rhinosinusitis: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 5

Fever, purulent nasal discharge, facial pain, headache.

Question 6

Acute Rhinosinusitis: What is the diagnostic clue for bacterial cause?

Answer 6

Symptoms > 10 days or worsen after initial improvement.

Question 7

Acute Rhinosinusitis: What is the treatment for most viral cases?

Answer 7

Watchful waiting.

Question 8

Acute Rhinosinusitis: What is the treatment for severe or complicated bacterial cases?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin/clavulanate.

Question 9

Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis): What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 9

Low-grade fever, myalgias, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, cough.

Question 10

Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis): What is the diagnostic clue?

Answer 10

Mild to moderate symptoms, no significant fever.

Question 11

Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis): What is the treatment?

Answer 11

Supportive care: fluids, rest, OTC analgesics, antihistamines, decongestants.

Question 12

COVID-19: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 12

Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, loss of taste or smell, gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 13

COVID-19: What is the diagnostic clue?

Answer 13

Sudden loss of taste or smell with respiratory symptoms.

Question 14

COVID-19: What is the confirmatory test?

Answer 14

Positive PCR or rapid antigen test.

Question 15

COVID-19: What is the treatment for high-risk patients?

Answer 15

Monoclonal antibodies or Paxlovid.

Question 16

Epiglottitis: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 16

Fever, inspiratory stridor, drooling, muffled voice, tripod position, dysphagia.

Question 17

Epiglottitis: What is the diagnostic clue?

Answer 17

Drooling, difficulty swallowing, ‘hot potato’ voice, leaning forward to breathe.

Question 18

Epiglottitis: What is the confirmatory test?

Answer 18

Lateral neck X-ray (thumbprint sign), clinical diagnosis.

Question 19

Epiglottitis: What is the treatment?

Answer 19

Humidified oxygen, IV ceftriaxone +/- vancomycin.

Question 20

Influenza: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 20

Abrupt onset of fever, cough, chills, congestion, myalgias.

Question 21

Influenza: What is the diagnostic clue?

Answer 21

Sudden high fever and muscle aches during flu season.

Question 22

Influenza: What is the treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset?

Answer 22

Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir).

Question 23

Laryngitis: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 23

Hoarse voice, sore throat, nasal congestion, fever.

Question 24

Laryngitis: What is the diagnostic clue?

Answer 24

Hoarseness persists after other URI symptoms resolve.

Question 25

Laryngitis: What is the treatment?

Answer 25

Voice rest, hydration, avoid whispering.

Question 26

Pharyngitis: What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 26

Sore throat, pain with swallowing, fever, absence of cough.

Question 27

Pharyngitis: What is the diagnostic clue for Group A Strep (GAS)?

Answer 27

Fever, tonsillar exudate, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, no cough.

Question 28

Pharyngitis: What is the confirmatory test for Group A Strep (GAS)?

Answer 28

Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) or throat culture.

Question 29

Pharyngitis: What is the treatment for Centor score ≥ 4?

Answer 29

Penicillin or amoxicillin.