URI_management_flashcards
Acute Otitis Media: What are the signs and symptoms?
Fever, earache, ear drainage, bulging tympanic membrane.
Acute Otitis Media: What is the diagnostic clue?
Bulging tympanic membrane on otoscopy.
Acute Otitis Media: What is the treatment for severe illness or bilateral infections?
Amoxicillin.
Acute Otitis Media: What is the treatment for mild cases?
Watchful waiting.
Acute Rhinosinusitis: What are the signs and symptoms?
Fever, purulent nasal discharge, facial pain, headache.
Acute Rhinosinusitis: What is the diagnostic clue for bacterial cause?
Symptoms > 10 days or worsen after initial improvement.
Acute Rhinosinusitis: What is the treatment for most viral cases?
Watchful waiting.
Acute Rhinosinusitis: What is the treatment for severe or complicated bacterial cases?
Amoxicillin/clavulanate.
Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis): What are the signs and symptoms?
Low-grade fever, myalgias, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, cough.
Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis): What is the diagnostic clue?
Mild to moderate symptoms, no significant fever.
Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis): What is the treatment?
Supportive care: fluids, rest, OTC analgesics, antihistamines, decongestants.
COVID-19: What are the signs and symptoms?
Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, loss of taste or smell, gastrointestinal symptoms.
COVID-19: What is the diagnostic clue?
Sudden loss of taste or smell with respiratory symptoms.
COVID-19: What is the confirmatory test?
Positive PCR or rapid antigen test.
COVID-19: What is the treatment for high-risk patients?
Monoclonal antibodies or Paxlovid.
Epiglottitis: What are the signs and symptoms?
Fever, inspiratory stridor, drooling, muffled voice, tripod position, dysphagia.
Epiglottitis: What is the diagnostic clue?
Drooling, difficulty swallowing, ‘hot potato’ voice, leaning forward to breathe.
Epiglottitis: What is the confirmatory test?
Lateral neck X-ray (thumbprint sign), clinical diagnosis.
Epiglottitis: What is the treatment?
Humidified oxygen, IV ceftriaxone +/- vancomycin.
Influenza: What are the signs and symptoms?
Abrupt onset of fever, cough, chills, congestion, myalgias.
Influenza: What is the diagnostic clue?
Sudden high fever and muscle aches during flu season.
Influenza: What is the treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset?
Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir).
Laryngitis: What are the signs and symptoms?
Hoarse voice, sore throat, nasal congestion, fever.
Laryngitis: What is the diagnostic clue?
Hoarseness persists after other URI symptoms resolve.
Laryngitis: What is the treatment?
Voice rest, hydration, avoid whispering.
Pharyngitis: What are the signs and symptoms?
Sore throat, pain with swallowing, fever, absence of cough.
Pharyngitis: What is the diagnostic clue for Group A Strep (GAS)?
Fever, tonsillar exudate, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, no cough.
Pharyngitis: What is the confirmatory test for Group A Strep (GAS)?
Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) or throat culture.
Pharyngitis: What is the treatment for Centor score ≥ 4?
Penicillin or amoxicillin.
