Urbanisation (Rio)

Question 1

What are some characteristics of an urban area?

Answer 1

Lots of buildings
Factories
Higher population density
Greater economic development
More pollution

Question 2

What are some characteristics of rural areas?

Answer 2

Lots of trees
Farms
Lower population density
Lesser economic development
Less pollution

Question 3

Define urbanisation:

Answer 3

A process where the number of people living in rural areas goes down, due to them moving to more urban areas

Question 4

What percentage of people live in towns and cities in the UK?

Answer 4

82%

Question 5

What are the two causes for population growth?

Answer 5

Rural to urban migration - people moving to the cities

Natural increase - people in the cities having children

Question 6

What is: a millionaire city; a megacity and a world city?

Answer 6

A millionaire city has more than 1 million people
A megacity has over 10 million people
A world city is a city generally considered to be important in the global economic system e.g. London

Question 7

Where is Rio?

Answer 7

Rio is in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America. It’s in Brazil, and the southern area of Brazil. Rio is also on the coast.

Question 8

True or false, Rio’s physical geography is smooth and landlocked?

Answer 8

False, Rio’s physical geography is very hilly and also coastal

Question 9

What problems were there with Rio’s healthcare before the fixes?

Answer 9

In 2013, only 55% of people had a local family health clinic
Poor services for pregnant women and the elderly
Average life expectancy of 45 in west zone

Question 10

What were the solutions to the healthcare problems in Rio?

Answer 10

Medical staff going into favelas to detect and treat disease
Infant mortality fallen
Life expectancy increased

Question 11

What problems did Rio have with education?

Answer 11

Education only compulsory until 14, many drop out of school and get into drug trafficking
Shortage of nearby schools
Lack of money and a need to work
Shortage and low pay for teachers
Poor teacher training

Question 12

What solutions did Rio have for their education problems?

Answer 12

Encourage local people to volunteer in schools
School grants for poor families
Paying for lessons in favelas - such as favelas
Opening a university in Rocinha favela

Question 13

What problems did Rio have with their water supply?

Answer 13

12% of people didn’t have access to running water
37% of water was lost through leaky pipes
South East Brazil is experiencing worst drought for 80 years

Question 14

What solutions did Rio have for their problems with water supply?

Answer 14

7 new water plants were built
Over 300km of pipes were laid
Now 95% of population has clean water

Question 15

What problems did Rio have with energy?

Answer 15

Frequent city-wide blackouts

Lots of people illegally tap into the mains

Question 16

What solutions did Rio have for their energy problems?

Answer 16

60km of new power lines
Building a new nuclear generator
New simplício hydro-electric complex

Question 17

What are the 4 types of sectors of work?

Answer 17

Primary - Mining, fishing etc
Secondary - Manufacturing
Tertiary - Providing a service
Quaternary - Research

Question 18

What issues did Rio have with unemployment?

Answer 18

Deep recession in 20-5, increased unemployment
Protests about high taxes, poor education and inadequate health
Richest 1% warns 12% of total income
Over 20% of favela-livers are unemployed
Poorly paid informal work (>£60 a month)

Question 19

What solutions did Rio have to deal with their unemployment problems?

Answer 19

Local government try to use education to reduce youth unemployment
The Schools of Tomorrow programme
Adults can go back to education

Question 20

What problems with crime did Rio have?

Answer 20

Murder, kidnapping, carjacking and armed assault occur regularly
Powerful gangs and drug trafficking
Only favelas near Olympic sights were helped

Question 21

What solutions did Rio have to their crime problems?

Answer 21

2013 Pacifying Police Units (PPU)

Police have claimed complexo do A le mão

Question 22

What’s an example of a cause and solution of Air Pollution?

Answer 22

Heavy traffic and congestion

Improving traffic congestion

Question 23

What’s an example of a cause and solution of traffic congestion?

Answer 23

Steep mountains

Tunnels through mountains

Question 24

What’s an example of a cause and solution for Water Pollution?

Answer 24

Many of the 55 rivers were heavily polluted

Properly dispose of oil

Question 25

Give an example of a cause and solution for Waste Pollution?

Answer 25

Waste collection is hard to due to hilly favelas

A power plant was set up, it consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day

Question 26

What was the murder rate in Rio’s favelas before policing changes?

Answer 26

20 in 1000 people were murdered

Question 27

What was the issue with Rio’s police, especially in favelas?

Answer 27

The public didn’t trust them due to past stories of corruption and violence

Question 28

What was the population density in Rocinha?

Answer 28

37000 per km*2

Question 29

What were some of the changes made in Rocinha?

Answer 29

Teaching people how to build their own houses so that they can be a builder afterwards as a job
Making houses look nicer with art discourages people to ruin them
Introducing the PPU (Pacifying Police Units) into favelas to tackle the dominant drug gangs in and around the area
Helicopters allow east sight into favelas for authorities