Urbanisation

Question 1

Population of urban areas is increasing FACTS

Answer 1

• Proportion of people living in in urban areas increased dramatically since 1945.
• 1950, 30% people lived in urban areas 2014, over 50%
• Developed world urbanisation occurred during industrial revolution.
• Developing world, new cities forming E.G. Beijing, population 4.4 million in 1970 to 20.4 million in 2015.

Question 2

What is urbanisation?

Answer 2

Growth in proportion of people living in urban areas.

- Usually occur due to migration, natural increase etc

Question 3

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 3

Migration of people from city centres to the outskirt of he city.

• people desire more space
• transport link improvements, live further and commute.
• lead to wealthier and poorer areas of the city, lead to economic and ethnic segregation

Question 4

What Is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 4

Movement of people out of the city to surrounding villages and rural areas.

• Transport improvements, commute
• People leave city due to high property prices and overcrowding
• Can lead to new housing estates being built in rural areas.

Question 5

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 5

Movement of people back to the city centre.

• Due to lack of jobs in rural areas
• Common in post industrial countries
• New shops/ services open in the city boosting economy and creating jobs

Question 6

What is a megacity?

Answer 6

Urban area with over 10 million people
1950, only two megacities (Tokyo + New York)
2014, there were 28
by 2030 will be 41

Question 7

What is a world city?

Answer 7

City that has political and financial influence over the whole world.
Dominate international trade and regional economies.
Usually home to Universities, centres for science and innovation, with high research and development facilities.
Culture, attract high numbers of people from other countries.

Question 8

Processes associated with urbanisation?

Answer 8

Economic 
Social 
Technological 
Political 
Demographic

Question 9

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 9

1960s developing nations industrialised, produce goods cheaper, low labour costs.
1970s developed world was struggling to compete with the production being manufactured in the developing world. Industries collapsed, led to unemployment and poverty.
UK, deindustrialisation caused unemployment to rise above 3million, highest rate since 2nd world war.

Question 10

Rise of the service economy?

Answer 10

1980s many service industries began to expand and dominate western economies. Responsible for the majority of economic growth developed countries since deindustrialisation.

Question 11

Decentralisation?

Answer 11

Land prices in city centre increases, shops and offices may relocate to the suburbs. Led to the rise of out of town retail parks, lead to rundown buildings, job losses and urban poverty.

Question 12

Regeneration schemes?

Answer 12

UDC 1997-1990
Enterprise Zone 1981-present
City Challenge 1991-1997
Partnership Schemes 2010-present

Question 13

UDCs?

Answer 13

London Docklands
Attract new businesses, improve local environment, create jobs and build new houses.
Built 24000 new homes
85 000 jobs

Question 14

Enterprise Zones?

Answer 14

In areas of high unemployment, attract start up companies to create jobs, done by reducing tax.
5000 companies, employ 125 000 people.
But encouraged existing companies to move to areas due to reduced tax.

Question 15

City Challenge?

Answer 15

Local authorities compete for government funding to regenerate most deprived areas.
1997 - 40 000 homes improved, 50 000 jobs.
But not areas received any funding.

Question 16

Partnership Schemes?

Answer 16

Government work with private companies to provide financial support and expertise for urban regeneration.
Improve deprived areas.