urbanisation

Question 1

what are the key trends in urbanisation

Answer 1

• Since the 1980s we have seen rapid growth in urban areas, in 2008, 50% of people in 2008 and estimated 70% in 2050.
• Urbanisation is occurring quicker in north America and Europe where as. Although some of the fastest growing cities in the world are in Africa, many African people live in rural areas still.
• Concentrations of urban areas, in North America, Europe, India.
• Cities like Tokyo, New York and London, a lot of urban change has already happened.

-Cities can change on a global rank, as some cities such as Mumbai are emerging.

Question 2

what is the famous person associated with urbanisation

Answer 2

LEFEBVRE

Question 3

how does Levebvre attempt to define cities and aspects of them

Answer 3

The city- a present reality, architecture buildings the physical building

The urban- a social reality within the city, people in the city is known as the urban

Form- quantitative element, contents is found within the form

Contents – change in quality within the form.

Question 4

what is planetary urbanism and who looks at it

Answer 4

(Brenner and Schmid) Looks at the connectiveness to their rural counterparts. Perhaps considering the importance of rural areas in relation to urban areas and how cities are dependant on rural areas.

Question 5

explain 3 points on rural to urban linkages

Answer 5

• Its best not to see as binary, rural and urban areas can be seen on a spectrum, you could perhaps see their sharing end equities in 3 ways.
• Labour
• Food supply
• Markets and globalisation
• Cities can channel some the points mentioned out of rural areas.
• Bhasha is an Indonesian term meaning village-town, highlights the interconnected nature of urban and rural spaces.

Question 6

what are Global and world cities

Answer 6

World cities- heterochiral categorisation of cities based on measures of international importance ‘iconic cities’

Global cities- a historically specific phase of globalisation where functions for the management
and control of global economic systems become important in globalised economic networks (they’re important in the globalised world) this idea is considered more in academia then world cities.

Question 7

two ways to categorise world cities:

Answer 7

• Models based on scale, networks, and hierarchy.

- Globalisation as a process

Question 8

what are some factors that make a world city a world city.

Answer 8

• TNC headquarters
• Global travel infrastructure
• Globally recognised HE institution.

Question 9

what did loughborough uni create in relation to world cities

Answer 9

Loughborough university created a roster for world cities, with heretical grades through 4 different forms of producer services, looking at connections between cities.

Question 10

What is the scale for Loughborough world cities.

Answer 10

Alpha ++ cities to Gamma level cities.

Question 11

what is the global cities index

Answer 11

scale across 26 metric in five dimensions rather than focuses on 4 different forms of producer services