Urbanisation Flashcards
What is Urbanisation?
The growth in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas.
What is sustainability?
The ability to meet the needs of the present, without preventing future generations from meeting their own needs.
Give some urban transport strategies.
- Well integrated public transport (i.e. Metro/ London Underground).
- Hybrid buses.
- Cycle lanes.
- Improving road networks.
- Congestion charges.
- ‘Scratch Bikes’.
- Electric car charging points.
- Car share lanes:
What is BedZED?
Beddington Zero Energy Development.
BedZED is an environmentally friendly housing development in London.
Designed to create zero carbon emissions, it was the first large scale community to do so.
Give some social opportunities and challenges of Newcastle.
Opportunities:
-Cultural mix: China Town, The Mela Festival
-Recreation and entertainment: Eldon Square/Metrocentre.
-Integrated transported system: Metro, Quay link bus
Challenges:
-Urban deprivation: poor quality education, housing, life expectancy in some places.
What is a megacity?
A city with a population of over 10 million.
Give some economic opportunities and challenges of Newcastle.
Opportunities:
-Wide range of employment opportunities: Service/ Quarternary Secrors (SAGE, Virgin Money, Newcastle City Council, Universities)
Challenges:
- Industrial decline left areas along the Tyne economically deprived- Walker/Byker (High unemployment rates).
Give some environmental opportunities and challenges of Newcastle.
Opportunities:
-Urban greening: Town moor, Jesmond Dene.
Challenges:
-Derelict buildings.
-Pressure on Greenfield sites i.e. Great Park- Leads to development of housing on Greenfield sites which creates conflict.
-Pressure on waste disposal.
Give some methods used by the BedZED community to replace unsustainable energy.
- South Facing.
- 30cm insulation to prevent heat loss.
- Energy efficient appliances.
- Car share/ cycle lanes.
- Grey water recycling.
- Easy recycling.
- Green roofs and outdoor space for growing plants.
Why is urbanisation occurring?
- Natural increase.
- Rural to urban migration.
Why is Newcastle important to the UK’s economy?
Newcastle is the UK’s 11th largest city and contributes £13 billion to the UK GDP.
The city has world renowned universities and is home to some of the UK’s best known companies (Sage, Greggs)
Give some pull factors.
More, higher paid jobs, better healthcare, better education, join other family members.
What is the Favela Bairo Project?
$1 billion budget to provide land and services for favela residents. This includes:
- Paved and formally named roads.
- Improving sanitation and water.
- Cable car at Complexo do Alameo.
- 100% mortgages so people can buy their homes.
- Police pacification unit to reduce crime.
- Education programmes.
Why is Rio de Janeiro vital to Brazil’s economy?
- Exports coffee, sugar and iron ore
- Brazil’s 2nd most important industrial centre (5% of GDP)
- Hosted the 2016 Olympic Games
- Has popular tourist attractions such as Copacabana Beach and Christ the Redeemer.
Give some opportunities of urbanisation in Rio.
- Development if tourist hotels and beaches such as Copacabana.
- Large industrial and shipping ports for trade.
- Luxury flats, shopping malls and tourist facilities.
- The Olympic and World Cup stadiums and facilities.
- The headquarters of Petrobras and CVBB-Brazil’s largest oil and mining companies.
