urbanisation Flashcards
urbanisation
increase in proportion of the population living in urban areas
urban growth
increase in population of a town/city
urban expansion
increase in size or geographical footprint of a city/town
key consequences of urbanisation
- urban sprawl
- housing shortage
- lack of services
- unemployment/underemployment
- transport issues
why is housing shortage a negative impact of urbanisation?
- decrease in living standards
- cramped living situation
- increase in slums
why is the lack of services a negative impact of urbanisation?
- inefficient waste disposal
- increased crime
- harder for government to manage a city
why is urban sprawl a negative impact of urbanisation?
- requires more infrastructure (wires,pipes,cables etc)
- wildlife habitat lost
- more commuting to CBD so more traffic
- loss of farmland (less local produce)
- impermeable surfaces mean groundwater cannot replenish groundwater aquifers
why are transport issues a negative impact of urbanisation?
- more people means more traffic congestion
- increased congestion means more pollution
- pollution lowers air quality and can cause illness
why is unemployment/underemployment a negative impact of urbanisation?
- lower living standards
- creates informal work sector
- informal workers don’t pay tax
an example of a city unable to manage it’s waste due to lack of services
Addis Ababa in Ethiopia can only manage two thirds of waste
pull factors of urbanisation
- prospect of better paid jobs
- access to better healthcare and education
- better quality of life
push factors of urbanisation
- low paid jobs in rural areas
- lack of opportunity
- agriculture problems
- natural disasters
- escaping war/conflict
reasons for urban growth
- rural to urban migration
- natural increase
what is counter urbanisation
the movement of people away from large urban areas to rural areas or smaller settlements
pull factors of counter urbanisation
- larger houses with more space
- better quality of life
- improved technology so people work from home
- reduced pollution
