Urbanisation

Question 1

How is the population of urban areas increasing/changing?

Answer 1

• The number and proportion of people living in urban areas has increased since 1945. In the 1950s, 30% of all people lived in urban areas. In 2014, over 50% lived in towns/cities.

Question 2

What is the population like in the urban world?

Answer 2

• A majority of people live in cities but there has only been a slight increase since 1945 and is a result of urbanisation happening earlier in the developed world.
• During the industrial revolution people moved into the cities to work in mills etc but since the deindustrialisation process they have begun to get worse and migrate.

Question 3

What is the population like in the developing world?

Answer 3

• Many live in rural areas but this is changing as they become emerging economies where new cities are forming and people are moving there for work.
• In Beijing, China the urban population increased from 4.4 million in 1970 to 20.4 million in the urban world.

Question 4

What are the four processes that affect the populations of cities?

Answer 4

• Urbanisation
• Sub-urbanisation
• Counter-urbanisation
• Urban resurgance

Question 5

What is urbanisation?

Answer 5

The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Question 6

When does urbanisation occur?

Answer 6

Occurs because of migration (rural-urban) and natural increase.

Question 7

Why do people migrate to cities?

Answer 7

For better quality of education, healthcare and better jobs.

Question 8

Who do migrants in urbanisation tend to be?

Answer 8

Young adults

Question 9

In developing countries, what may they face as a result of urbanisation?

Answer 9

Can result in shanty towns.

Question 10

What are shanty towns?

Answer 10

Unplanned and illegal settlements made out of any material available.

Question 11

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 11

The migration of people from city centres to the outskirts of cities.

Question 12

Why does suburbanisation happen?

Answer 12

Urbanisation increases meaning city centres become overcrowded and people begin to desire more space. This leads to people moving to the suburbs when they have children or retire.

Question 13

What happens as suburbanisation happens?

Answer 13

A pattern of wealthy and poorer areas develop as wealthy middle class people can move to the suburbs as there is a better quality of life and those left behind are poorer and may include immigrnats which may then lead to economic and ethnic segregation.

Question 14

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 14

The movement of people out of the city to surronding villages and rural areas.

Question 15

What are some reasons why counter-urbanisation happens?

Answer 15

Improvements in transport mean people can commute and better communications allow people to work from home. They may also move due to overcrowding and high property prices, as well as personal preferences.

Question 16

What can counter-urbanisation lead to?

Answer 16

Can lead to new housing estates being built in rural areas and house prices may increase meaning that local people may not be able to afford to live there and it can change age structure of the area.

Question 17

What is urban resurgance?

Answer 17

The movement of people back to the city centre.

Question 18

Why may people move back to city centres?

Answer 18

A lack of jobs in rural areas and people may be attracted to new developments.

Question 19

Where does urban resurgance happen?

Answer 19

Post industrial countries

Question 20

What may happen when urban resurgance happens?

Answer 20

• New shops and services move back
• Boost in the economy
• More jobs created

Question 21

What is a con of urban resurgance?

Answer 21

Original residents may not be able to afford to live in the area and may have to move away.

Question 22

What is a megacity?

Answer 22

An area with over 10 million people living in it.

Question 23

How many megacities were there in 1950 in comparison 2014 and then to those predicted to be in 2030?

Answer 23

1950:
- 2 world cities
2014:
- 28 world cities
2030 (predicted):
- 41 world cities

Question 24

Why do megacities develop?

Answer 24

A result of rural to urban migration and natural increase.

Question 25

What happens when migrants move to large cities?

Answer 25

Cities experience rapid growth and consequently expereience rapid economic gorwth which causes more population growth.

Question 26

Where do megacities dominate? Why?

Answer 26

Dominate national and regional economies if countries and is a result of companies choosing to have their headqaurters in cities with high skilled workers and transport links.

Question 27

What are the problems with megacities?

Answer 27

Some people live in extreme social inequalities as some live really rich and others live in extreme poverty.

Question 28

What is a world city?

Answer 28

A city that has political and financial influence over the whole world.

Question 29

Where are world cities?

Answer 29

Tend to be in the developed world but there are a few like Dubai which are in emerging economies.

Question 30

How many world cities were there in the 1950s?

Answer 30

There were four: London, New York, Paris and Tokyo.

Question 31

What has caused there to be more world cities?

Answer 31

There has been economic growth within oil rich countries which then allows cities to contend for the world city status.

Question 32

What are world cities becoming more important in?

Answer 32

Global economies and businesses.

Question 33

What has changes since 1945?

Answer 33

World cities have emerged as leaders of banking and finance which has led banking companies to put headquarters in these centers.

Question 34

Where do world cities dominate?

Answer 34

International trade and regional economies in their area.

Question 35

What is an example of a world city?

Answer 35

Tokyo is influential in international trade and east asian trade between nations.

Question 36

What else do world cities have?

Answer 36

Good transport links which allow them to trade the rest of the world. Home to top universities and are centres for science and innovation as they have more research and development facilities.

Question 37

What other centres are world cities?

Answer 37

Culture and home to large and influential media and communication coorporations. They have cultural attractions.

Question 38

What do world cities attract?

Answer 38

People from other countries - migrants and visitors.