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contemporary urban environments > Urbanisation (1) > Flashcards

Urbanisation (1) Flashcards

1
Q

urbanisation

A

the growth in the proportion of a country’s population that live in an urban area compared to a rural area

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2
Q

What percentage of the worlds population live in urban areas?

A

50%

3.4 billion people

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3
Q

where is urbanisation fastest?

A

poorer countries

twice as great in poorer countries

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4
Q

Why is urbanisation happening so fast in LIC’s and NEE’s?

A

young people move to cities to find work
have children
increasing proportion of population

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5
Q

why do people migrate to urban areas?

A

better healthcare
service accessibility
life expectancy

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6
Q

what is suburbanisation?

A

outward growth of urban areas where people move to the suburbs
usually occurs when wealthier people decide to move away from central city for a better quality of life

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7
Q

what are the suburbs?

A

outlying areas if a city close enough to CBD so accessible by commuters
predominantly residential

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8
Q

what is counter urbanisation?

A

large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside

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9
Q

issues with suburbanisation

A

inner cities become deprived

house price within suburbs increasing

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10
Q

what are greenbelts?

A

area around a city where building is restricted in order to preserve rural areas
not always successful as developers can work to remove green belt status

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11
Q

push factors (urbanisation)

A

famine
drought
poor healthcare

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12
Q

pull factors (urbanisation)

A

opportunities
jobs
education
healthcare

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13
Q

advantages of urbanisation

A

better quality of life

city develops over time with more workers for infrastructure

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14
Q

disadvantages of urbanisation

A

unplanned housing
water pollution
poor exploited
large social divide

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15
Q

push factors (counter urbanisation)

A

pollution
large industrial areas
economic decline

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16
Q

pull factors (counter urbanisation)

A

clean air
more space
countryside
better value housing

17
Q

advantages of counter urbanisation?

A

forces inner city areas to regenerate

helps reduce overcrowding and housing shortages

18
Q

disadvantages of counter urbanisation

A

higher rural house prices
traffic and congestion
conflict between population

19
Q

urbanisation in Uk between 1971 and 1991?

A

number of people living in the centre of the UK cities has declined but population living in cities has doubled since 2001

20
Q

what is urban resurgence?

A

process of people moving back into city especially after deterioration of the area

21
Q

why does urban resurgence happen?

A

schemes are put in place that aim to improve the quality of life
encourage city centre to economically grow and regenerate

22
Q

what percentage of highly skilled jobs are coated in urban areas?

A

71%

23
Q

issues with urban resurgence

A

gentrification and excess wealth in newly redeveloped areas mean that the original population can struggle to keep up with higher prices

24
Q

when were urban development corporations set up and by who?

A

conservative party

1979

25
Q

why did the conservative government set up urban development corporations?

A

realised that regeneration required drastic action not capable of being solved by local authorities on their own

26
Q

what did UDC’s involve?

A

create agencies that would regenerate specific areas

27
Q

what did UDC’s focus on?

A

physical redevelopment of derelict land

securing private capital and private sector expertise in redeveloping the area

28
Q

when were enterprise zones set up?

A

1981

29
Q

what was the aim of enterprise zones?

A

try to create development in areas of high unemployment

30
Q

what did enterprise zones involve?

A

reducing taxes for businesses in zones to encourage start ups?

31
Q

were enterprise zones successful?

A

successful in parts, tended to result in businesses relocating to the ez’s rather than new start ups (new jobs limited)

32
Q

when did city challenge start and why?

A

1991
change of focus by governments
partnership between local authorities and private sector

33
Q

what did city challenge involve?

A

in order for funding to be awarded companies had to demonstrate how redevelopment would affect the area and local authority as a whole
funding also allocated based on quality of partnership

34
Q

problems with city challenge

A

funding based on partnership not necessarily on the need for regeneration

35
Q

what did city challenge focus on?

A

physical infrastructure
job creation
social regeneration

contemporary urban environments (1 decks)

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