Urban_inequalities

Question 1

What is social segregation?

Answer 1

The wealthy and the
poor seem to concentrate spatially

Question 2

I Cause of SOCIAL SEGREGATION?

Answer 2

Housing: Developers, builders and planners tend
to build housing on blocks of land with a particular
market in mind. The requirement to include a
proportion of ‘affordable housing’ may affect housing
value in some areas but wealthier groups can choose
where they live, paying premium prices for houses well
away from poor areas,

Question 3

2 examples of the second cause of SOCIAL SEGREGATION, which is a changing LAW environement?

Answer 3

A. Georgian andVictorian times are now too big for the average family.
Many have been converted into houses of multiple
occupation (HMOs), often occupied by those on low
incomes or students

B.The ‘right to buy’ legislation
of the 1980s transformed many council estates, (Margaret Tatcher)

Question 4

Explain ETHNIC DIMENSION as a thrid cause of social segragation [2 steps, from arrival]

Answer 4

I) When
they first arrive they may suffer discrimination
in the job market and may be either unemployed
or employed in low-paid jobs

2)They are only able
to afford to buy cheap housing or they have to rent
privately

Question 5

How many domains does the INDEX of MULTIPLE DEPRAVATION have?

Answer 5

Seven

Question 6

Name 4 domains of the INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRAVATION

Answer 6

Income, Employment, Education, Health, Crime,

Question 7

Which domains of the Index of Multiple Depravation are the most important?

Answer 7

Income and Employment - together they make 45% of the index

Question 8

How can the Index of Multiple Depravation be used? [2] How it cannot be used? [2]

Answer 8

used:

✓ comparing small areas across England
✓ identifying the most deprived small areas
✓ exploring the domains (or types) of deprivation
✓ comparing larger administrative areas e.g. local
authorities
✓ looking at changes in relative deprivation
between iterations (i.e. changes in ranks)

NOT USED:

-quantifying how deprived a small area is
-identifying deprived people
-saying how affluent a place is
-comparing with small areas in other UK
countries

-measuring absolute change in deprivation over
time

Question 9

Provide examples of two areas in UK that are in the first decile of the Index of Multiple Depravation:

Answer 9

West Anfield, Liverpool
Chapeltown, Leeds
Newham, London

Question 10

Using the example of Leeds or London, what pattern would you expect to see when it comes to the Index of Multiple Depravation. What is the major cause of depravation of districts in England?

Answer 10

major cause - deindustralisation
pattern - rich city centre, deprived post-industrial districts (near railroads); deprived outskirts; usually one suburb chosen by the wealthy as the non-deprived one.

Question 11

Give one benefit of cultural diversity

Answer 11

Experience a variety of viewpoints - being critical -

Question 12

What is a diaspora?

Answer 12

large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world

Question 13

Give an example of a city with large perentage of expacts/big diaspora - where there is also big social segregation

Answer 13

Dubai

Question 14

Why is there greater cultural diversity in the cities [4 causes]

Answer 14

• greater range of employment opportunities
• first point of entry
• tend to house eariler immigrant groups
• tend to be more tolerant

Question 15

Three issues associated with cultural diversity [from the point of view of authorities trying to integrate]

Answer 15

a) need to provide English lessons or billingual literature
b) Hospitals may need to take into account special requirements
c) variations in education (methods and content)

Question 16

Provide three reasons for SELF-SEGREGATION

Answer 16

a. Migrants seek the support
and security of living
near friends and relatives
within a minority ethnic
community

b. Provision of specialist
facilities such as places of
worship and food shops

c. Protection against racial
abuse and attacks from
the majority population

d. Maintenance of culture,
language and traditions

Question 17

Provide THREE external factors that cause ethnic segregation:

Answer 17

a) Traditionally, migrants
have been a source of
cheap labour, forcing
them into areas of
cheap housing

b)Minority ethnic groups have
been discriminated against
in access to local authority
housing. They have also
been less successful in
securing mortgage loans

c) Hostility from the
majority population

d)Movement of the majority
population out of the area
into which minority
populations have moved.
Often referred to as
‘white flight’