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PLANNING MIDTERM > Urban Theories And Practices > Flashcards

Urban Theories And Practices Flashcards

1
Q

Urban Theories and Practices

A

• garden cities
• city beautiful movement
• new capitals
• the neighborhood unit
• city of towers
• broad acres
• radical urban ideas
• contemporary world urbanization

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2
Q

Author of “Tomorrow: A peaceful path to social reform” (1898)

A

Ebenezer Howard

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3
Q

On of the most important books in the history of urban planning

A

Garden Cities of Tomorrow

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4
Q

Mother town population

A

58k to 65k

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5
Q

Smaller garden cities population

A

30k to 32k each

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6
Q

with permanent green space separating the cities with the towns

A

The garden city movement

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7
Q

Advocated the concept of the ‘social city’

A

The garden city movement

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8
Q

Polycentric settlement, growth without limit, surrounded by a greenbelt; towns grows by cellular addition into a complex

A

Social city

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9
Q

The 3 magnets

A

• town
• country
• town-country

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10
Q

combined the advantages of the town by way of access and all of he advantages of the country by way of the environment without any of the disadvantages of either

A

Garden city

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11
Q

Urban agglomeration

A

En bloc

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12
Q

Followers of howard

A

• Sir Frederick Osborne
• Raymund Unwin
• Barry Parker

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13
Q

Hampstead garden suburbs opened in

A

1907

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14
Q

Called the 3rd garden city

A

Wythenshawe

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15
Q

First garden city

A

Letchworth

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16
Q

2nd garden city

A

Welwyn

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17
Q

Modification of Howard’s principles

A
  • background of open space instead of greenbelts
  • dividing the town into clearly articulated neighborhood units
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18
Q

Father of American city planning

A

Daniel Burnham

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19
Q

Daniel Burnham famous words

A

Make no little plans

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20
Q

Influenced the world fairs of the late 19th century, like the 1891 Columbian exposition in chicago

A

Daniel Burnham

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21
Q

Golden era of urban design in the US

A

The City beautiful era

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22
Q

Was a totally designed system of main circulation arteries, a network of parks and clusters

A

The city beautiful era

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23
Q

Total concentration on the monumental and on the superficial

A

The city beautiful era

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24
Q

Worked on the reconstruction of Paris

A

Baron George Eugene Hausmann

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25
Q

Capital of Brazil

A

Brasilia

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26
Q

Brasilia was designed by

A

Lucio Costa

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27
Q

Old capital of Brazil

A

Rio de Janeiro

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28
Q

The biggest planning exercise of the 20th century

A

Brasilia

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29
Q

Did not include a single population projection

A

Brasilia

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30
Q

A close friend of Lucio costa, was the chief architect of most public buildings

A

Oscar Niemeyer

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31
Q

Brasilia landscape designer

A

Robert Burle Marx

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32
Q

Brasilia was built in

A

41 months

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33
Q

The city has been both acclaimed and criticized for its use of modernist architecture on a grand scale

A

Brasilia

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34
Q

The only realized plan of Le Corbusier

A

Chandigarh

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35
Q

Original master-planner of Chandigarh

A

Albert Myer

36
Q

Chandigarh , the only realized plan of

A

Le Corbusier

37
Q

A regular grid of major roads for rapid transport

A

Chandigarh

38
Q

The whole plan represents a large scale application of the Radburn principle

A

New capitals Chandigarh

39
Q

The Radburn idea or new town idea

A

Clarence Stein

40
Q

was to create a series of superblocks

A

Radburn Idea

41
Q

Typified by the backyards of homes facing the street and front of homes facing each other over common yards

A

Radburn

42
Q

New capitals

Basic layout of the community

A

• super-block concept
• cluster grouping
• interior parklands
• separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic to promote safety

43
Q

Every home was planned with access to park walks

A

New capitals radburn

44
Q

Book by Clarence Perry

A

The neighborhood unit

45
Q

Certain services which are provided everyday for groups of population who can’t or do not travel far

A

Neighborhood unit

46
Q

Defined as the physical environment wherein social, cultural, educational, and commercial are within easy reach of each other

A

The neighborhood unit

47
Q

Concerns self sustainability of smaller unit

A

The neighborhood unit

48
Q

Principles based on the natural facilities such as primary schools and local shops

A

The neighborhood unit

49
Q

Popularly known as Le Corbusier

A

Charles - Eduoard Jeanneret

50
Q

Charles - Eduoard Jeanneret - popularly known as

A

Le Corbusier

51
Q

Was conceptualized by Le Corbusier in his book

A

The city of towers

52
Q

Traditional city has become functionally obsolete, due to increasing size and increasing congestion at the centre.

A

The city of tomorrow and the radiant city

53
Q

A self - contained ‘vertical city’, with modular housing units for 1600 people

A

Unite’ d’ Habitation

54
Q

Anchored on objective to decongest the centers of our cities by increasing their densities

A

La Ville Radieuse (Radiant City)

55
Q

also conceptualized Le Contemporaine

A

Le Corbusier

56
Q

high-rise offices and residential buildings with a greenbelt for a population of 3m people

A

Le Contemporaine

57
Q

He wrote the “ The disappearing city” and later “Broadacres”

A

Frank Lloyd Wright

58
Q

Proposing that each US family would be given an acre of land

A

Broadacres

59
Q

That mass transport by car would allow cities to spread widely into countryside

A

Broadacres

60
Q

Homes would be connected by superhighways

A

Broadacres

61
Q

Proposed to house a significant amount of Manhattan residents to free up spaces for Greenfields

A

Mile high tower

62
Q

A proposed skyscraper that would have been 1 mile high

A

Mile high tower

63
Q

An urban plan for an elongated urban formation

A

The linear city

64
Q

The city would consist of a series of functionally specialized parallel sectors

A

The linear city

65
Q

The 3d city by Paolo Soleri

A

The Arcology Alternative

66
Q

Automobiles are eliminated from the confines of the city

A

The Arcology Alternative

67
Q

Multi-use of nature of the buildings

A

The Arcology Alternative

68
Q

Proposed by Edgar Chambless

A

Motopia

69
Q

Vehicular traffic will be along rooftops of a continuous network buildings

A

Motopia

70
Q

Proposed by the “metabolism group”; visionary urban designers that proposed underwater cities

A

Science cities

71
Q

A city that would float free in the ocean

A

The floating city

72
Q

Mixed-use development that was built in response to the pressures of automobile

A

The Barbican City

73
Q

Radial ideas

A

• the linear city
• the arcology alternative
• motopia
• science cities
• the floating city
The barbican city

74
Q

Large cities used to be the exception prior to the 20th century, but a few did exist in antiquity

A

“Millionaire” Cities

75
Q

Generated jobs, increased productivity, and opened up mass markets for goods

A

Industrial Revolution

76
Q

Factors that contribute to urban growth

A

• transportation innovation
• improved infrastructure
• iron and steel construction
• the electric elevator
• improved medicine

77
Q

Concept coined by Jean Gottmann for urban complexes on the Northeastern United States

A

Megalopolis

78
Q

Megalopolis is a concept coined by

A

Jean Gottmann

79
Q

The term means “great city” in Greek

A

Megalopolis

80
Q

Used to refer to massive urban concentrations created from strong physical linkages between three or more large cities

A

Megalopolis

81
Q

An urbanist and activist whose writings championed a fresh, community-based approach to city building

A

Jane Jacobs

82
Q

This book is a strong critique of the urban renewal policies of the 1950s, which, she claimed l, destroyed communities

A

The death and life of great American cities

83
Q

Introduced ground-breaking ideas about how cities function, evolve and fail.

A

The death and life of great American cities

84
Q

Jane Jacobs Developed the principle of _______ to guide building developers on how to enhance community/ public safety

A

Eyes on the Street

85
Q

Some of Jane Jacobs principles have resulted in a phenomenon known as

A

Gentrification

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