Urban Renewal and Community Development (Ch. 11) Flashcards
What were the goals of the Urban Renewal program?
Eliminate sub-standard housing, revitalize city economies, constructing good housing, and reducing de facto segregation. There was a desire to make slums and low-quality housing better and more attractive in cities all across the world.
When did Urban Renewal start and when did it end?
It began with the Housing Act of 1949 and was officially ended in 1973.
What role did Guy Greer and Alvin Hansen play in the Urban renewal movement?
They proposed the creation of city realty corporations.
What were city reality corporations?
They were organizations that could use eminent domain to assemble land and would have funds from higher levels of government to acquire and clear sites.
What were the negative impacts of Urban Renewal?
Once the many urban renewal projects were finalized, many people who previously lived in renewed areas were displaced. They could no longer afford the new housing.
What impact did Urban Renewal have on working class citizens?
Urban renewal “reduced the supply of low-cost housing, driving down vacancy rates and thereby tightening the housing market in which the poor must find shelter.”
What were LPAs and what function did they serve?
LPAs were Local Public Agencies and they were like the city realty corporations. They had the power of eminent domain to acquire sites. Funding for LPAs came from the federal government and the municipality.
How did the Urban Renewal project affect the economy?
In some ways, it helped because it provided space for development. It also did some damage to the existing economy. The knowledge that an area would be part of the renewal program froze investment both within and nearby the designated area. Within the area, no investor would commit funds. Outside, investors would be inhibited because they did not know how much competition would be coming to the renewal site. Renewal also limited the amount of cheap retail space. Many companies that had been displaced did not reopen.
What did the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 aim to do?
This act replaced the Urban Renewal program. The purpose was to continue to aid the improvement of communities all over the United States but without the intrusiveness of the Urban Renewal program. This new program allows for municipalities to use funding in more flexible ways to improve their cities.
What are community development block grants?
CDBGs permitted localities to pursue a wide range of activities including, but not limited to, activities that had been pursued under the Urban Renewal program. The goal of the block grant approach was to allow municipalities more discretion.
What is a Housing Assistance Plan (HAP)?
HAPs spell out community housing needs and laid out plans for dealing with them. This is part of the Community Development Act.
According to the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), what are the three goals of planning for an older population?
- Promote housing and transportation options 2. Encourage healthy lifestyles and 3. expand access to services
Name the 7 principles used to pursue the goals of ARC for planning for older populations.
- Connectivity
- Pedestrian access and transit
- Provision of neighborhood retail and services
- Social interaction
- Diversity of dwelling types
- Health living
- Consideration of existing residents
