Urban Places: Urban Dynamics Flashcards
Define suburbanisation
a shift from living in central urban areas to moving into the suburbs
why has suburbanisation ocurred
a desire for lower density affordable housing
when did suburbanisation begin
1950s
define urban sprawl
expansion of human populations away from the central urban area in car dependent, low density and unplanned ways
define edge cities
density increases in particular towns that develop as centres for regions in Sydney eg. chatswood
define exurbanisation
a process whereby people, usually affluent, move from the city to rural areas but continue to maintain an urban way of life either through long distance commuting or technology
why did exurbanisation occur
people want a lifestyle/scenery change, but stay connected to the city and its services
define peri metropolitan area
as far as you can commute every day (2.5 hrs)
define counterurbanisation
marked decline in large metropolitan areas and subsequent growth of smaller urban centres
why has counterurbanisation occured
for a lifestyle change, cheaper land, less congestion(traffic) and pollution
effect of counterurbanisation
growth of population in rural ares
define decentralisation
the process by which people are dispersed or redistributed away from a central location -often by government policy- to smaller regional centres
eg. Akubra hats moved from sydney to kempsey
why has decentralisation ocurred
in a government attempt to revitalise smaller regional centres
how was this achieved
regional relocation grant- for those with skills in demand
public sector relocation- functions and jobs moved to regional areas
define urban decay
where an urban area falls into disrepair and deterioration due to neglect and age
what is urban decay caused by
global economic change
transportation
government policy-
why did darling harbour experience urban decay
it was originally a goods yard and shipping port
it was left to decay as transport and government policy was directed elsewhere
what are the effects of urban decay
attracts crime
decreased property prices
social issued
define urban renewal
where an urban area goes through a process of redevelopment and rehabiliation
how is urban renewal caused
change in government policy
change in property prices
improvements in public spaces eg parks
private developers buying in
effects of urban renewal
rising property prices
increased traffic
rising wealth of residents
define urban consolidation
urban policies that focus on making better use of urban infrastructure by encouraging development within urban areas
effects of urban consolidation
more efficient use of space and existing services and has a less environmental impact/government spending
define urban village
distinctive residential district comprising of a clustering of people with a common culture and forming an identifiable commumity
eg. chinatown
define spatial exclusion
defence of luxury lifestyles have resulted in restrictions to spatial access and freedom of movement of other urban dwellers
aka gated community
define morphology
form and characteristics of a place
what are the 4 most important urban dynamics shaping sydney
decay eg. mount druitt
renewal eg. barangaroo
consolidation eg. barangaroo
subrubanisation eg. castle hill
what is the absolute location of sydney
33 degrees south
151 degrees east
what is the population of sydny
4.58 million
how large is sydney
12 000km2
what is the relative location of sydney
- melbourne
- adelaide
- brisbane
- perth
450 miles northeast of melbourne
720 miles east of adelaide
440 miles south south west of brisbane
2000 miles east of perth
when was sydney founded
1778
define egalitarian
philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people.
is sydney egalitarian
it has a global image of such, but has vast differences in wealth
where are areas of wealth in sydney
northern suburbs, north shore, eastern suburbs
where are areas of poverty in sydney
west, outer west
south, south west
what are 3 factors affecting class
education
occupation
income
what has happened due to economic restructuring
the gap between advantaged and disadvantage is growing, causing geographical polarisation
what happens to an individual if they have low access to education
will likely not attend tertiary schooling, therefore attain a higher paying job
how does access to health care in disadvantaged areas affect infant mortality rates
not having access means higher infant mortality rate
what is the infant mortality rate in mt druitt in comparison to pymble
mt druit=163
pymble=56
what percentage of people living in sydney were born overseas
42.55%
do migrant waves correlate with conflict/poverty/homelessness in other countries?
yes
in what decades did the middle east/eastern europeans migrate to australia
70s-80s
in what decades did eastern europeans migrate to australia
50s-60s
in what decades did asians migrate to australia and why
80s-90s, because there was a call for more skilled migrants with jobs set up before they moved to australia
what are ethnic pockets
similar races congregating to share their culture and language
what are some examples of urban villages in sydney
cabramatta- (vietnamese)
haymarket- (chinese)
mosman/eastern suburbs (rich people)
what does economic character refer to
how much particular areas or pieces of land are worth
what does economic nature refer to
the type or kind of land use
what are the 3 main types of landuse in sydney
- residential
- commercial
- industrial
define economic restructuring
the process in which economies move from a blue collar base to white collar service sector
how much has sydneys manufacturing employment declined in the last 40 years? (stats)
28% to 8%
what percentage of people in sydney work in the quaternary industry (knowledge)
48%
why has manufacturing in sydney decreased so much?
globalisation- moved to cheaper places eg. china
what are the effects of sydneys role as a world city on the nature and location of commercial development (3 effects)
- location of HQs: sydney has 2/3 of asia-pacific regional head offices for TNCs in australia
- location of advanced producer services: highly specialised services required by TNCs eg. law, advertising
- location of financial services: CBD and north sydney
where are commercial centres (shopping/retail) on the urban periphery
north sydney
chatswood
parramatta
newcastle
wollongong
what have the commercial developments of a CBD (parramatta, chatswood) made it more related to
- global and national business
- tourism
- high-quality shopping
what happened to sydney immediately post ww2
grew rapidly as an industrial city
define tariff
tax on imports and exports
define tariff
tax on imports and exports
what happened to the tariff in the 1970s-1990s that lead to australian manufacturing being exposed to global competition
it was reduced drastically
what was the effect of the reduced tariff in the 1970s
sydney stopped manufacturing much of its goods- cars, clothing, chemicals etc
what impact has the demand for better quality housing in the innercity areas had on manufacturing activities
made lots of them shut down, manufacturing buildings changed through gentrification/renewal
what area is sydneys silicone corridor
north ryde to north sydney
what is in the sydney silicone corridor
over 500 high tech companies eg. microsoft
where are commerical and industrial parks found
southwestern, northwestern, and western regions
why are commercial and industrial parks found in the west
lack of available space at reasonable prices
why are there industrial sites around botany bay
its a strategic port location
what industrial zones in sydneys harbour being renewed, consolidated, and featuring urban village design
pyrmont, barangaroo, rhodes
why are there so many TNCs in rhodes and norwest
its up to 50% cheaper than office spaces in the CBD
why are industrial yards found in the west
they need lots of space
what are the 4 main processes that determine the nature and location of land
- affordability
- perceptions of liveability
- social and demographic trends
- suitable housing stock
how does affordability impact the nature and location of land
where people live depends on their financial ability ot buy/rent in an area.
this leads to people being locked out of more desirable areas, leading to spatial inequality and patterns of advantage and disadvantage
define liveability
the characteristics of an urban place contributing to the life experienced by those who live in that area
what are the 4 liveability indicators
- political stability
- availability ofgoods and services eg. healthcare
- low personal risk eg. crime rate
- efficient infrastructure eg. schools, hospitals
what type of housing do sinks, dinks, and yuppies tend to favour
medium to high density housing around the CBD
what type of housing do people with children tend to favour
housing that is detatched (house with garden) or semi-detatched
how are former industrial sties close to the city and around railways being renewed/consolidated
through developing mediun to high density housing precincts
what affects land values
location in relation to centres of employment
acess to recreation/entertainment
envrionmental amenities
where are land values the highest and why
in the city,
areas that are green and leafy in the norht and south
harbourside
close to the beach
where are land values the lowest and why
west and south west
what are areas that remain dominated by low density housing
kellyville and leppington- with many mcmansions
what areas are experiencing consolidation on brownfields
innercity eg. padstow, hurstville
what is the median house price of sydney in 2017
1 millioin
what percentage of sydneys population speak a language other than english at home
36%
what is the urban peripherary
edge of city
what is sydneys projected population by 2036
6 million
what percentage of sydneys population increase by 2036 will be from natural increase, and how much by immigration
70% natural increase
30% immigration
how many new dwellings will be needed by 2036
770 000
how will sydney cater for this need of 770 000 new dwellings
urban consolidation (building high density living)
renew brownfields in the west
expand the urban periphery (suburbanisation)
how many new jobs will be needed by 2036
760 000
what is being done about schools for this increased population?
building 4 high-rise schools in sydney, with the capacity for 6000 children
they will be located in the CBD and parramatta
what are problems that occur from a growth in sydneys population
congestion (transport infrastructure)
waste management
protecting the environment
what is sydneys current average household size in comparison from 1900
2.5,
it was 5 in 1900
what does the increased trend of low occupancy in housing require
increased housing, that is high density and of smaller size as there are less people in these houses
by 2036, 1 in every how many people will be over 65
1 in every 6 over 65
what is liveability
an assessment of what a place is like to live in using certain criteria
eg environment, crime/safety, education, access to shops and services, recreation, walkability and cultural activities
what is the name of the plan designed to manage sydneys growth
greater sydney plan/metropolitan strategy
what is the aim of the metropolitan strategy
to provide new housing
30% in greenfields
70% in brownfields
what is cheaper to build on- green or brownfields?
brownfields
in what area will most growth in sydney occur under the metropolitan strategy
in the west, with 50% of jobs planned there
how does the metropolitan plan expect to make the city a ‘30 minute city’
increased transport links
where will 70% of housing consolidation will be built- that are brownfields
metropolitan plan
along nodes of transport eg. train lines
why is 70% of brownfield housing being built along train lines in the metropolitan plan
it reduces the need for cars and makes more liveable urban villages
aims to promote employment close to residential area
