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Geography > Urban Places: Urban Dynamics > Flashcards

Urban Places: Urban Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Define suburbanisation

A

a shift from living in central urban areas to moving into the suburbs

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2
Q

why has suburbanisation ocurred

A

a desire for lower density affordable housing

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3
Q

when did suburbanisation begin

A

1950s

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4
Q

define urban sprawl

A

expansion of human populations away from the central urban area in car dependent, low density and unplanned ways

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5
Q

define edge cities

A

density increases in particular towns that develop as centres for regions in Sydney eg. chatswood

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6
Q

define exurbanisation

A

a process whereby people, usually affluent, move from the city to rural areas but continue to maintain an urban way of life either through long distance commuting or technology

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7
Q

why did exurbanisation occur

A

people want a lifestyle/scenery change, but stay connected to the city and its services

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8
Q

define peri metropolitan area

A

as far as you can commute every day (2.5 hrs)

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9
Q

define counterurbanisation

A

marked decline in large metropolitan areas and subsequent growth of smaller urban centres

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10
Q

why has counterurbanisation occured

A

for a lifestyle change, cheaper land, less congestion(traffic) and pollution

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11
Q

effect of counterurbanisation

A

growth of population in rural ares

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12
Q

define decentralisation

A

the process by which people are dispersed or redistributed away from a central location -often by government policy- to smaller regional centres

eg. Akubra hats moved from sydney to kempsey

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13
Q

why has decentralisation ocurred

A

in a government attempt to revitalise smaller regional centres

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14
Q

how was this achieved

A

regional relocation grant- for those with skills in demand

public sector relocation- functions and jobs moved to regional areas

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15
Q

define urban decay

A

where an urban area falls into disrepair and deterioration due to neglect and age

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16
Q

what is urban decay caused by

A

global economic change

transportation

government policy-

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17
Q

why did darling harbour experience urban decay

A

it was originally a goods yard and shipping port

it was left to decay as transport and government policy was directed elsewhere

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18
Q

what are the effects of urban decay

A

attracts crime

decreased property prices

social issued

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19
Q

define urban renewal

A

where an urban area goes through a process of redevelopment and rehabiliation

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20
Q

how is urban renewal caused

A

change in government policy

change in property prices

improvements in public spaces eg parks

private developers buying in

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21
Q

effects of urban renewal

A

rising property prices

increased traffic

rising wealth of residents

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22
Q

define urban consolidation

A

urban policies that focus on making better use of urban infrastructure by encouraging development within urban areas

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23
Q

effects of urban consolidation

A

more efficient use of space and existing services and has a less environmental impact/government spending

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24
Q

define urban village

A

distinctive residential district comprising of a clustering of people with a common culture and forming an identifiable commumity

eg. chinatown

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25
Q

define spatial exclusion

A

defence of luxury lifestyles have resulted in restrictions to spatial access and freedom of movement of other urban dwellers
aka gated community

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26
Q

define morphology

A

form and characteristics of a place

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27
Q

what are the 4 most important urban dynamics shaping sydney

A

decay eg. mount druitt
renewal eg. barangaroo
consolidation eg. barangaroo
subrubanisation eg. castle hill

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28
Q

what is the absolute location of sydney

A

33 degrees south
151 degrees east

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29
Q

what is the population of sydny

A

4.58 million

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30
Q

how large is sydney

A

12 000km2

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31
Q

what is the relative location of sydney
- melbourne
- adelaide
- brisbane
- perth

A

450 miles northeast of melbourne
720 miles east of adelaide
440 miles south south west of brisbane
2000 miles east of perth

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32
Q

when was sydney founded

A

1778

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33
Q

define egalitarian

A

philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people.

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34
Q

is sydney egalitarian

A

it has a global image of such, but has vast differences in wealth

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35
Q

where are areas of wealth in sydney

A

northern suburbs, north shore, eastern suburbs

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36
Q

where are areas of poverty in sydney

A

west, outer west
south, south west

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37
Q

what are 3 factors affecting class

A

education
occupation
income

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38
Q

what has happened due to economic restructuring

A

the gap between advantaged and disadvantage is growing, causing geographical polarisation

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39
Q

what happens to an individual if they have low access to education

A

will likely not attend tertiary schooling, therefore attain a higher paying job

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40
Q

how does access to health care in disadvantaged areas affect infant mortality rates

A

not having access means higher infant mortality rate

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41
Q

what is the infant mortality rate in mt druitt in comparison to pymble

A

mt druit=163
pymble=56

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42
Q

what percentage of people living in sydney were born overseas

A

42.55%

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43
Q

do migrant waves correlate with conflict/poverty/homelessness in other countries?

A

yes

44
Q

in what decades did the middle east/eastern europeans migrate to australia

A

70s-80s

45
Q

in what decades did eastern europeans migrate to australia

A

50s-60s

46
Q

in what decades did asians migrate to australia and why

A

80s-90s, because there was a call for more skilled migrants with jobs set up before they moved to australia

47
Q

what are ethnic pockets

A

similar races congregating to share their culture and language

48
Q

what are some examples of urban villages in sydney

A

cabramatta- (vietnamese)
haymarket- (chinese)
mosman/eastern suburbs (rich people)

49
Q

what does economic character refer to

A

how much particular areas or pieces of land are worth

50
Q

what does economic nature refer to

A

the type or kind of land use

51
Q

what are the 3 main types of landuse in sydney

A
  1. residential
  2. commercial
  3. industrial
52
Q

define economic restructuring

A

the process in which economies move from a blue collar base to white collar service sector

53
Q

how much has sydneys manufacturing employment declined in the last 40 years? (stats)

A

28% to 8%

54
Q

what percentage of people in sydney work in the quaternary industry (knowledge)

A

48%

55
Q

why has manufacturing in sydney decreased so much?

A

globalisation- moved to cheaper places eg. china

56
Q

what are the effects of sydneys role as a world city on the nature and location of commercial development (3 effects)

A
  1. location of HQs: sydney has 2/3 of asia-pacific regional head offices for TNCs in australia
  2. location of advanced producer services: highly specialised services required by TNCs eg. law, advertising
  3. location of financial services: CBD and north sydney
57
Q

where are commercial centres (shopping/retail) on the urban periphery

A

north sydney
chatswood
parramatta
newcastle
wollongong

58
Q

what have the commercial developments of a CBD (parramatta, chatswood) made it more related to

A
  • global and national business
  • tourism
  • high-quality shopping
59
Q

what happened to sydney immediately post ww2

A

grew rapidly as an industrial city

60
Q

define tariff

A

tax on imports and exports

60
Q

define tariff

A

tax on imports and exports

61
Q

what happened to the tariff in the 1970s-1990s that lead to australian manufacturing being exposed to global competition

A

it was reduced drastically

62
Q

what was the effect of the reduced tariff in the 1970s

A

sydney stopped manufacturing much of its goods- cars, clothing, chemicals etc

63
Q

what impact has the demand for better quality housing in the innercity areas had on manufacturing activities

A

made lots of them shut down, manufacturing buildings changed through gentrification/renewal

64
Q

what area is sydneys silicone corridor

A

north ryde to north sydney

65
Q

what is in the sydney silicone corridor

A

over 500 high tech companies eg. microsoft

66
Q

where are commerical and industrial parks found

A

southwestern, northwestern, and western regions

67
Q

why are commercial and industrial parks found in the west

A

lack of available space at reasonable prices

68
Q

why are there industrial sites around botany bay

A

its a strategic port location

69
Q

what industrial zones in sydneys harbour being renewed, consolidated, and featuring urban village design

A

pyrmont, barangaroo, rhodes

70
Q

why are there so many TNCs in rhodes and norwest

A

its up to 50% cheaper than office spaces in the CBD

71
Q

why are industrial yards found in the west

A

they need lots of space

72
Q

what are the 4 main processes that determine the nature and location of land

A
  1. affordability
  2. perceptions of liveability
  3. social and demographic trends
  4. suitable housing stock
73
Q

how does affordability impact the nature and location of land

A

where people live depends on their financial ability ot buy/rent in an area.
this leads to people being locked out of more desirable areas, leading to spatial inequality and patterns of advantage and disadvantage

74
Q

define liveability

A

the characteristics of an urban place contributing to the life experienced by those who live in that area

75
Q

what are the 4 liveability indicators

A
  1. political stability
  2. availability ofgoods and services eg. healthcare
  3. low personal risk eg. crime rate
  4. efficient infrastructure eg. schools, hospitals
76
Q

what type of housing do sinks, dinks, and yuppies tend to favour

A

medium to high density housing around the CBD

77
Q

what type of housing do people with children tend to favour

A

housing that is detatched (house with garden) or semi-detatched

78
Q

how are former industrial sties close to the city and around railways being renewed/consolidated

A

through developing mediun to high density housing precincts

79
Q

what affects land values

A

location in relation to centres of employment
acess to recreation/entertainment
envrionmental amenities

80
Q

where are land values the highest and why

A

in the city,
areas that are green and leafy in the norht and south
harbourside
close to the beach

81
Q

where are land values the lowest and why

A

west and south west

82
Q

what are areas that remain dominated by low density housing

A

kellyville and leppington- with many mcmansions

83
Q

what areas are experiencing consolidation on brownfields

A

innercity eg. padstow, hurstville

84
Q

what is the median house price of sydney in 2017

A

1 millioin

85
Q

what percentage of sydneys population speak a language other than english at home

A

36%

86
Q

what is the urban peripherary

A

edge of city

87
Q

what is sydneys projected population by 2036

A

6 million

88
Q

what percentage of sydneys population increase by 2036 will be from natural increase, and how much by immigration

A

70% natural increase
30% immigration

89
Q

how many new dwellings will be needed by 2036

A

770 000

90
Q

how will sydney cater for this need of 770 000 new dwellings

A

urban consolidation (building high density living)
renew brownfields in the west
expand the urban periphery (suburbanisation)

91
Q

how many new jobs will be needed by 2036

A

760 000

92
Q

what is being done about schools for this increased population?

A

building 4 high-rise schools in sydney, with the capacity for 6000 children
they will be located in the CBD and parramatta

93
Q

what are problems that occur from a growth in sydneys population

A

congestion (transport infrastructure)
waste management
protecting the environment

94
Q

what is sydneys current average household size in comparison from 1900

A

2.5,
it was 5 in 1900

95
Q

what does the increased trend of low occupancy in housing require

A

increased housing, that is high density and of smaller size as there are less people in these houses

96
Q

by 2036, 1 in every how many people will be over 65

A

1 in every 6 over 65

97
Q

what is liveability

A

an assessment of what a place is like to live in using certain criteria
eg environment, crime/safety, education, access to shops and services, recreation, walkability and cultural activities

98
Q

what is the name of the plan designed to manage sydneys growth

A

greater sydney plan/metropolitan strategy

99
Q

what is the aim of the metropolitan strategy

A

to provide new housing
30% in greenfields
70% in brownfields

100
Q

what is cheaper to build on- green or brownfields?

A

brownfields

101
Q

in what area will most growth in sydney occur under the metropolitan strategy

A

in the west, with 50% of jobs planned there

102
Q

how does the metropolitan plan expect to make the city a ‘30 minute city’

A

increased transport links

103
Q

where will 70% of housing consolidation will be built- that are brownfields
metropolitan plan

A

along nodes of transport eg. train lines

104
Q

why is 70% of brownfield housing being built along train lines in the metropolitan plan

A

it reduces the need for cars and makes more liveable urban villages

aims to promote employment close to residential area

Geography (8 decks)

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