Urban Patterns and Processes

Question 1

Early settlements established as humans began to grow crops and domesticate animals shortly after the Neolithic (First Agricultural) Revolution.

Answer 1

City-state

Question 2

A dense core of census tracts, densely settles suburbs, and low-desnity land that links the dese suburbs with the core.

Answer 2

Urban Area

Question 3

An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements (this process does not nessisarily end once a city is formed)

Answer 3

Urbanization

Question 4

A territory inside officially recognized boundaries that is used to determine population, taxing and establishing and eforcing governing rules.

Answer 4

City

Question 5

A collection of adjacent cities across which population density is high and continuous.

Answer 5

Metropolitan Area

Question 6

In the United States, an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population, the ounty within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting onr of several tests indicating, a functional connection to the central city.

Answer 6

Metroplotin Statistical Area

Question 7

An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city.

Answer 7

Micropolitan Statistical Area

Question 8

Involved the process of people moving, usually from cities, to resiential areas on the outskirts of these cities where new communities are formed (while still connected to the city).

Answer 8

Suburbanization

Question 9

When a suburbanite returns to live in rural areas and work remotely.

Answer 9

Reurbanization

Question 10

When a suburbanite or urbanite (urban residents) moves farther out into rural, areas abd wirks remotley. This is also defined as the net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Answer 10

Exurbanization/counter-urbanization/deurbanization

Question 11

The prosperous residential districts beyond the bsuburbs.

Answer 11

Exurbs

Question 12

A place with more than 100,000 residents that is not a core city in a metropolitan area; a large uburb with its own governmnet.

Answer 12

Boomburb (also called boomburg)

Question 13

An established town near a very large city growing into an independent, larger city.

Answer 13

Satellite city

Question 14

Describes urban growth based on transportation technology in different epochs in whivh technology produced a new system that changed hoe proplr moved themselves and goods, in and between urvan areas. Time periods include 1790-1970.

Answer 14

John Borchert’s Model of Transportation Technology

Question 15

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. building, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Answer 15

Infrastructure

Question 16

States that places that are loarger and clsoer together will have a greater interaction than places that are smaller and farther away and can be used to predict the flow of workers, shoppers, vacationers, mail, migrants and any other flow between cities.

Answer 16

Gravity Model

Question 17

Desribes the way in which the sizes of cities within a region generally develop. It is a pettern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.

Answer 17

Rank-Size Rule

Question 18

When thre largest city in an urban systen is more than twice as large as the next largest city.

Answer 18

Primate City

Question 19

Proposed by Walter Christaller in 1933, this explains that distrubution of cities of defferent sized across a region. It also explains the distribution of serviced based on the fact tatg settlements srrve as centers of market areas for srvices; lerger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further.

Answer 19

Cetral PLace Theory

Question 20

The area surrounding a central place from which people aree attracted to use the place’s goods and services.

Answer 20

Hinterland

Question 21

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

Answer 21

Range Of Service

Question 22

The minimum number of people needed to support a service.

Answer 22

Threshold

Question 23

The world’s largest cities (the regional population which includes the surrounding metroplitan areas) with more than 10 million people.

Answer 23

Megacity

Question 24

An extraordinarially large settlement whose regional population (the city and the surrounding metropolitan area) is over 20 million people (many times, mega and meta-cities are found in periphery and semi periphery countries, of LDCs).

Answer 24

Metacity

Question 25

One that is a control center of the global economy, in which major decisions are made about the world's commercial network and finanical networks.

Answer 25

World City/Global City

Question 26

Dating back to the early 1900s, it is used to describe the chain of connected cities.

Answer 26

Megalopolis

Question 27

A node of office and retail activities (possibly transportation routes, mini-downtowns of hotels, malls, resturants and office complexes) that emrged as U.S. cities spread outword from the CBD to the suburbs.

Answer 27

Galactic City/Edge City

Question 28

To balance competing desires, these are used as regulations to define how property in specific geographic regions can be used.

Answer 28

Zoning Ordinances

Question 29

Municipal governments (city governmnets) promote growth and control changes in land use through this process.

Answer 29

Urban Planning

Question 30

Contiguous geogrpahic regions that function as the building blocks of a census. In America, this generally consists of between 4,000 and 12,000 people and is subdivided into block groups, and then subdivided again into blocks.

Answer 30

Census Tract

Question 31

The region just outside the central business district in North America, generally classified with high denisty and poverty.

Answer 31

Inner City

Question 32

Visual reminders on the landscape of how the centers of cities have changed over time, illustarted by cities that were left with un/under-employed residents and abandond factories.

Answer 32

Brownfields

Question 33

Houses pass from one social group to another, genrally from the wealthiest residents moving out and less wealthy resident move in. This is the change in the use of single-family homes to rented units in a multifamily dwelling and eventaully leads to an abandoned buildings.

Answer 33

Filtering

Question 34

The process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchanse and improve proterties in certain areas.

Answer 34

Redlining

Question 35

Racial segregation that is not supported by law but is but is still apparent.

Answer 35

De Facto Segregation

Question 36

Municipal and county planning ordinances that require a given share of new construction to be affordable to people with low to moderate incomes.

Answer 36

Unclusionalry Zoning

Question 37

Involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up and usually begins with the local government who declares that an area can be "blighted"

Answer 37

Urban Development

Question 38

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area.

Answer 38

Gentrication

Question 39

An urban zone that lacks food stores and contributes to the health problems of poorer urban residents.

Answer 39

Food Desert

Question 40

In urban planning, this is a type of urban development that maximized rhe amount of residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport.

Answer 40

Transit-Oriented Development

Question 41

People of one ethnic group, usually middle-class whites, would be frightened into selling their homes at low prices when they heard that a family of another group, generally African American or Hispanic, where moving into the neighborhood. Real estate agents convinced white property owners to sell their houses al low prices because of fear that perosns of color will soon move into the neighborhood.

Answer 41

Blockbusting

Question 42

A solution to moving around an urban area and includes uses, subways, light rail, and trains.

Answer 42

Public Transportation

Question 43

The rapid spread of development outward from the inner city.

Answer 43

Urban Sprawl

Question 44

In an urban context, to move business operations from core city areas into outlining areas such as suburbs.

Answer 44

Decentralization

Question 45

The long-term viability of a city as discussed by urban planners, developers and citizens.

Answer 45

Urban Sustainability

Question 46

A large scale redevelopment of the build environment in downtown and older inner-city neighborhood.

Answer 46

Urban Renweal

Question 47

An urban planning movement that started in the late 1990s that included goals of reducnig sprawl, increasing affordable housing, and creating vibrant, ivable neighborhoods with walkable, mized-use neighborhoods that no longer seperated residentail and commercial uses.

Answer 47

New Urbanism

Question 48

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.

Answer 48

Greenbelts

Question 49

The process of building ip underused lands within a city.

Answer 49

Urban Infill

Question 50

A city that changes its zoning laws to decrease the rate at which the city spreads horizontally, with the goal of avoiding the negative effects of sprawl.

Answer 50

Slow-Growth Cities