Urban Issues Keywords

Question 1

Land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city

Answer 1

Brownfield Site

Question 2

Abandoned buildings and wasteland

Answer 2

Dereliction

Question 3

Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment

Answer 3

Economic Opportunities

Question 4

A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development

Answer 4

Greenfield Site

Question 5

Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education. Inequalities may occur in: housing provision. access to services. access to open land, safety and security

Answer 5

Inequalities

Question 6

When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and therefore public transport more appealing

Answer 6

Integrated Transport Systems

Question 7

An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people

Answer 7

Mega-cities

Question 8

When people move from one area to another. In many LICs people move from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration)

Answer 8

Migration

Question 9

The birth rate minus the death rate of a population

Answer 9

Natural Increase

Question 10

The presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment

Answer 10

Pollution

Question 11

This subdivision of countries is based on the World Bank income classifications (GNI per capita), which in 2013 were low income $1045 or below, and high income $12746 or above

Answer 11

Low Income Country (LIC) and High Income Country (HIC)

Question 12

Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation

Answer 12

Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)

Question 13

A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways

Answer 13

Rural-Urban Fringe

Question 14

Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste

Answer 14

Sanitation

Question 15

The degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment

Answer 15

Social Deprivation

Question 16

Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care

Answer 16

Social Opportunities

Question 17

An area of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC

Answer 17

Squatter-Settlement

Question 18

A sustainable city is one in which there is minimal damage to the environment, the economic base is sound with resources allocated fairly and jobs secure, and there is a strong sense of community, with local people involved in decisions made.

Answer 18

Sustainable Urban Living

Question 19

Occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, so traffic jams form and traffic slows to a crawl

Answer 19

Traffic Congestion

Question 20

The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas

Answer 20

Urban Greening

Question 21

An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

Answer 21

Urbanisation

Question 22

The revival of old parts of the built-up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (known as revival) or opting for redevelopment

Answer 22

Urban Regeneration

Question 23

The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside

Answer 23

Urban Sprawl

Question 24

The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste

Answer 24

Waste Recycling