Urban Issues Keywords Flashcards
(24 cards)
Land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city
Brownfield Site
Abandoned buildings and wasteland
Dereliction
Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment
Economic Opportunities
A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development
Greenfield Site
Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education. Inequalities may occur in: housing provision. access to services. access to open land, safety and security
Inequalities
When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and therefore public transport more appealing
Integrated Transport Systems
An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people
Mega-cities
When people move from one area to another. In many LICs people move from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration)
Migration
The birth rate minus the death rate of a population
Natural Increase
The presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment
Pollution
This subdivision of countries is based on the World Bank income classifications (GNI per capita), which in 2013 were low income $1045 or below, and high income $12746 or above
Low Income Country (LIC) and High Income Country (HIC)
Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation
Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)
A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways
Rural-Urban Fringe
Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste
Sanitation
The degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment
Social Deprivation
Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care
Social Opportunities
An area of poor-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC
Squatter-Settlement
A sustainable city is one in which there is minimal damage to the environment, the economic base is sound with resources allocated fairly and jobs secure, and there is a strong sense of community, with local people involved in decisions made.
Sustainable Urban Living
Occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, so traffic jams form and traffic slows to a crawl
Traffic Congestion
The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas
Urban Greening
An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas
Urbanisation
The revival of old parts of the built-up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (known as revival) or opting for redevelopment
Urban Regeneration
The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside
Urban Sprawl
The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste
Waste Recycling
