Urban Issues & Challenges

Question 1

What percentage of the world’s population lives in urban areas?

Answer 1

Over 50%

Question 2

Where is urbanisation happening at the fastest rate and why?

Answer 2

• NEEs and LICs
• They are experiencing more rapid economic growth

Question 3

What is rural-urban migration?

Answer 3

The movement of people from rural to urban areas

Question 4

What are push factors of rural areas?

Answer 4

• Natural disasters
• War and Conflict
• Mechanisation
• Drought
• Lack of employment

Question 5

What are pull factors of urban areas?

Answer 5

• More jobs
• Better education & healthcare
• Increased quality of life
• Following family members

Question 6

What is natural increase?

Answer 6

When the birth rate exceeds the death rate

Question 7

What are causes of increased birth rate?

Answer 7

• High percentage of population are child-bearing age which leads to high fertility rate
• Lack of contraception or education about family planning

Question 8

What are causes of decreased death rate?

Answer 8

• Higher life expectancy due to better living conditions and diet
• Improved medical facilities helps lower infant mortality rate

Question 9

What is a megacity?

Answer 9

An urban area with over 10 million people

Question 10

How many megacities are located in NEEs or LICs?

Answer 10

More than two thirds

Question 11

How many megacities are there predicted to be in 2030?

Answer 11

41

Question 12

What is sustainable urban living?

Answer 12

Being able to live in cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations can also use them

Question 14

What are methods of conserving water?

Answer 14

• Collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets
• Installing water meters and toilets that flush less water
• Educating people on using less water