Urban Issues and Challenges - London Flashcards
Where is London?
It is in the northern hemisphere, in Europe, England. It is in South East England. Additionally, it is in the county of Greater London.
List one way London is important to the UK.
It generates 22% of the Uk’s income, despite having only 14% of the population.
List a second way London is important to the UK.
London is the UK capital and home to the UK government.
List a third way London is important to the UK.
London attracts nearly 20 million tourists a year who spend around £20 billion, therefore benefitting the UK economy.
List one way London is important to the wider world.
Greenwich (in London) is where longitude measurments start and is where all the world’s time zones are measured from.
List a second way London is important to the wider world.
London has many universities, and over 100,000 international students study in the city.
List a third way London is important to the wider world.
London is a city where businesses thrive: around 40% of the world’s foreign currency is traded here.
List one way national migaration (where people move from other places in the UK to London) affects the character of London.
Creates lots of student accommodation in some areas which has attracted services and faculties aimed at a younger population.
List a second way national migaration (where people move from other places in the UK to London) affects the character of London.
It has led to the growth of large housing estates in the suburbs which lack character. Commuters from the inner city have been broken up.
List a third way national migaration (where people move from other places in the UK to London) affects the character of London.
Suburbanisation has led to dereliction in the inner city areas which has led to higher crime rates as people don’t feel their environment is cared for.
List how international migration (where people move from other countries to London) affects the character of London.
It has made it more diverse than any other city or town in the UK. It holds many cultural events through the year such as Notting Hill carnival. People moving to London from different countries around the world has also led to more than 100 different languages being spoken in London.
How is cultural mix an opportunity for people living in London?
A diverse cultural mix is a social opportunity for people living in London because it enriches huge areas of london’s cultural life, including the amazing variety of food that is available on nearly every high street in london - e.g Brick Lane and the East End.
How is Recreation and Entertainment an opportunity for people living in London?
Recreation and entertainment is an economic opportunity for people living in London because it provides jobs, e.g performers in the West End or ball boys at Wimbledon. It also provides social opportunities as it gives people unique experiences they wouldn’t be able to find anywhere else, therefore bettering their quality of life.
How is employment an opportunity for people living in London?
Employment is an economic opportunity as it provides jobs, creating people a stable income, but also they contribute to London’s greater economy by working. Employment is also a social opportunity because it gives people the chance to make connections/friends, and also pays them which means they will be able to afford food, housing etc., therefore making their quality of life better.
How are integrated Transport Systems an opportunity for people living in London?
They create economic opportunities because people generally use the system to get to work, which therefore benefits the economy. They create scial opportunities also because public transport allows people to socialise instead of driving somewhere on their own.
What is urban greening? What examples are there?
How we create, increase and protect green spaces in urban areas. It helps make cities more sustainable. One example is living walls and roofs, which are placed on the sides and tops of buildings and attract wildlife, help combat flooding, provide insulation for buildings, improve air quality, promote natural cooling and make urban areas more attractive.
Which type of urban greening is best for London? Why?
Allotments and Urban Farms because you can buy an allotment easily, they are pretty manageable to maintain, they’re good for the environment because of the nutrients made, and people owning the allotment can keep their produce for healthy meals for them and/or their family or sell them for extra income.
What are the housing inequalities between the London boroughs of Kensington & Chelsea and Newham?
2014 K&C house prices: £533,400 .1 - £1,198,000.0 —>
2014 Newham house prices: £215,00.0 - £284,414.6
In 1995, K&C prices were around 189k, wheras lowest Newham price was 65k.
What are the education inequalities between the London boroughs of Kensington & Chelsea and Newham?
In K&C, 80% of pupils had 5+ good GCSE grades. —>
In Newham, 62% of pupils had 5+ good GCSE grades.
What are the health inequalities between the London boroughs of Kensington & Chelsea and Newham?
K&C life expectancy: Male - 83.7, Female - 87.8
Newham life expectancy: Male - 75.7, Female - 79.8.
What are the employment inequalities between the London boroughs of Kensington & Chelsea and Newham?
K&C unemployment rate = 3.9%. -> Newham unemployment rate = 9.4%.
K&C household income less than £15,000 = 9%.
Newhman household incomes less than £15,000 = 26%.
What is dereliction? What evidence is there in London?
It occurs when buildings fall into disuse - because the owners have died or the business has closed or gone bankrupt. it is an environmental problem because the ground an be contaminated and the buildings look ugly and can be unsafe.
What are brownfield sites? Why should we build on them?
They are pieces of land that have been used but fell into dereliction. We should build on them because you are essentially recycling and so not using up precious new materials (in this case land) which could be used for more environmentally friendly projects.
What are greenfield sites? Why should we build on them?
They are pieces of land that have never been built on before (sometimes they are protected by policies such as the green belt). We should build on them because unlike brownfield sites, they are breand new, meaning there is less risk of previous contamination, which would endanger the people coming/working there.
