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Geography case study details > Urban issues and challenges > Flashcards

Urban issues and challenges Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the squatter settlement in Lagos?

A

Makoko

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2
Q

What is the percentage of people in Lagos who live in slums?

A

66%

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3
Q

How many people are estimated to live in Makoko?

A

85,000 to 250,000

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4
Q

What are some characteristics of squatter settlements?

A
  • Overcrowded, noisy and smelly
  • Houses are made from informal materials
  • Lack of sanitation, clean drinking water and open sewers
  • Pollution and disease are common
  • Thousands of people work in the informal job sector
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5
Q

What percentage of people use pit latrines in Lagos?

A

55%

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6
Q

What percentage of the Lagos population have no access to a toilet?

A

2%

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7
Q

What percentage of people get their water from wells or boreholes in Lagos?

A

55%

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8
Q

How do the sanitation systems cause problems in Lagos?

A
  • Increased illnesses cause a strain on healthcare

- The government have to invest in healthcare more

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9
Q

What’s an example of Urban planning in Lagos?

A

The Makoko floating school

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10
Q

When was the Makoko floating school built?

A

2014

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11
Q

How many students can the classroom fit?

A

60 students

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12
Q

How will the Makoko floating school improve Lagos?

A
  • Gives children in squatter settlements education
  • Means they can get better jobs when they are older
  • Means they will get paid more when they’re older
  • Positive multiplier effect
  • The school helps communities to withstand the impact of rising sea levels as a result of climate change
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13
Q

What happened to the docks in the 1960s in London?

A

They closed, meaning thousands of people lost their jobs. People moved to find jobs elsewhere.

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14
Q

What happened between 1981 and 1998 in London?

A

The London Docklands went under Urban Regeneration

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15
Q

Where is Stratford?

A

To the North of the London Docklands, in the Lower Lea Valley

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16
Q

Describe the deprivation in Stratford

A
  • Lack of infrastructure
  • Environment quality was poor
  • Unemployment was high
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17
Q

When was the London Olympics?

A

2012

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18
Q

Why were the London Olympic bid successful?

A
  • Stratford would be used for the games

- It would be Regenerated for the locals after the competitors left

19
Q

What social effects did regeneration bring to Stratford?

A
  • more than 10,000 new home will have been built
  • New academy for 2,000 pupils between the ages 3 to 18
  • Estimated that over 20,000 jobs could be created by 2030
20
Q

What economic effects did regeneration bring to Stratford?

A
  • New jobs in construction and tourism have created the multiplier effect
  • Over 20,000 jobs could be created by 2030, bringing more than £5 billion into the area
21
Q

What environmental effects did regeneration bring to Stratford?

A
  • The park is very sustainable
  • Has lots of cycling and walking routes
  • Public transport provided
  • Water efficient design of homes
  • Protection of green spaces and natural habitats
22
Q

Why are green spaces important in urban environments?

A
  • Increases biodiversity
  • Reduces Carbon Dioxide emissions
  • Encourages people to exercise
23
Q

How can urban areas become more sustainable?

A

Encourage:

  • Water conservation
  • Energy conservation
  • Waste recycling
  • Creating green spaces
24
Q

What schemes have London adapted to try and reduce traffic congestion?

A
  • London Underground
  • Oyster Cards
  • Congestion Charging Zone
  • Bike sharing scheme
25
Q

Name a bike sharing scheme

A

Santander Cycles

26
Q

What is a ‘Congestion Charging zone’?

A
  • A fee is charged to a vehicle in certain areas in London

- This discourages people to drive their own cars

27
Q

What are the benefits of bike sharing schemes?

A

It encourages people to cycle reducing traffic congestion

28
Q

What are push factors? (also name some examples)

A 
They are things that make you want to leave a certain place.
For example:
- Lack of employment 
- Not much access to healthcare
- Natural disasters
- Low pay
- Not much access to education
29
Q

What are pull factors? (also name some examples)

A 
They are things that make you want to move to a certain place.
For example:
- More jobs 
- Better education and healthcare
- Increased quality of life
- Following family members
30
Q

What is a megacity?

A

A city with over 10 million people living there

31
Q

What are the environmental problems of high traffic congestion?

A
  • Increases air pollution which releases greenhouse gases that is leading to climate change
32
Q

What are the social problems of high traffic congestion?

A
  • Greater risk of accidents
  • Cause of frustration
  • Lead to health issues for pedestrians
33
Q

What are the Economic problems of high traffic congestion?

A
  • Can make people late for work
  • Business deliveries take longer
  • Can loose companies money
34
Q

What are some Congestion solutions?

A
  • Widen roads
  • Build ring roads and bypasses
  • Introduce park and ride schemes
  • Encourage car-sharing schemes
  • Have public transport, cycle lanes and cycle hire schemes
  • Have congestion charges
35
Q

What is natural increase?

A

When the birth rate exceed the death rate.

36
Q

What is Rural to Urban migration?

A

The movement of people from rural to urban areas

37
Q

What is the population of London?

A

8.7 million

38
Q

What are some social challenges in London?

A
  • House prices are very high ( average of £475000)

- Some areas are really deprived (eg. Newham)

39
Q

What are some economic challenges in London?

A
  • While financial jobs are well paid, many jobs are low (eg. cleaning) with high cost of living
40
Q

What are some environmental challenges in London?

A
  • Urban sprawl has led to increased pressure and decline of greenfield sites around the city
41
Q

What percentage of families in Lagos live to one room?

A

75%

42
Q

How much is Lagos growing by each year?

A

600,000 people per year

43
Q

What is the estimated population of Lagos by 2035?

A

40 million

44
Q

What is Lagos’ importance within Africa?

A
  • Africa’s largest city
  • Financial capital of West Africa
  • 80% of Nigeria’s industry is based in Lagos

Geography case study details (4 decks)

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