Urban Issues And Challenges Flashcards
What is rural to urban migration?
The movement of people from the countryside to cities
What are push factors?
They encourage people to leave an area
What are pull factors?
They encourage people to move to an area
What are examples of push factors?
Natural disasters
Fewer jobs
Desertification
What are examples of pull factors?
More jobs and better pay
Better health care and education
Better quality of life
What are megacities?
Urban areas with more than 10 million residents
What is urbanisation?
The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas
What is relief?
Change in the height of the land
What are the 4 zones of cities?
Cbd, inner city, suburbs and rural urban fringe
What is the CBD?
The central business district is usually in the middle of a city.
What is found in a CBD?
Most amenities and services are found here
How do you identify a CBD on a map?
The CBD is often surrounded by a ring road
What is the inner city?
The inner city often has a mix of land uses and is just outside the CBD
What is in the inner city?
Mainly residential but with some business and recreational parks
They have a lot of short and parallel roads
They have terraced housing
Where are the suburbs found?
Towards the edge of the city
What are in the suburbs?
They are mainly residential areas with semi detached houses
How do you spot the suburbs on a map?
Look out for short curved streets and cul de sacs
What is the rural urban fringe?
It’s on the edge of the city
It has farmland and open spaces and new housing developments as well as large retail and business parks
How can you spot a rural urban fringe on a map?
It’s a mixture of white space and built up areas
What opportunities can urban change bring?
Urban greening
Cultural mixing
Entertainment
Employment
Integrated transport systems
What challenges are caused by urban change?
Dereliction
Building on brownfield and greenfield sites
Waste disposal
Urban deprivation
Housing inequality
Education and employment inequality
What is urban greening?
Trying to develop and preserve open spaces such as public parks and gardens
What is cultural mixing ?
Ethnic diversity has brought a range of foods, festivals and cultural experiences to the city attracting lots of peopel
What are integrated transport systems?
They encourage people to use public transport
What is dereliction?
As wealthier people left the city buildings were left abandoned and these were vandalised
What is building on brownfield and greenfield sites?
As a city grows more people move to the suburbs so there is more pressure to build on greenfield sites and this destroys habitats
What is building on brownfield and greenfield sites?
Building on brownfield sites is better for the environment but the land needs clearing and decontaminating first
What is waste disposal?
More people are producing waste but there is less place to store it
What is housing inequality?
Old housing is being cleared and replaced with modern housing but it is often too expensive for former residents forcing them to leave
What is education and employment?
Many children in deprived areas leave school without basic qualifications leading to low incomes and high unemployment
