urban issues and challenges

Question 1

urbanisation

Answer 1

the process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population lives in towns and cities

Question 2

rate of urbanisation in : HICs

Answer 2

HIC- very slow as most of the population already live in urban areas during the industrial revolution + people move to rural areas for better quality of life

Question 3

rate of urbanisation : LICs

Answer 3

LIC- vert fast as people are moving to urban areas for better quality of life

Question 4

rate of urbanisation : NEEs

Answer 4

NEE- varied as in some countries urbanisation will have already occurred but not for others

Question 5

factors affecting rate of urbanisation : rural-urban migration

Answer 5

the movement of people from a rural area to urban areas ( cities )

Question 6

factors affecting rate of urbanisation : natural increase

Answer 6

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate ( birth rate increases as better access to healthcare and young fertile people move to cities )

Question 7

push factors : social , economic , environmental

Answer 7

social : lack of housing services , poor housing , lack of health care
economic : Rural poverty , people live a subsistence lifestyle
environmental : drought , desertification, soil erosion

Question 8

pull factors :social ,economic , environmental

Answer 8

social : better housing ,education, public transport
Economic : more high paying / wider variety of jobs

Question 9

megacity

Answer 9

a city with over 10 million population

Question 10

Rio de Janeiro - location

Answer 10

South America , south east Brazil , south east of the capital Brasilia

Question 11

Rio de Janeiro - regional importance

Answer 11

there are five industrial districts in the city -provide jobs for the locals
Tijuca National Park- in north zone of rio

Question 12

Rio de Janeiro - national importance

Answer 12

products 5%brazils GDP
until 1960 was Brazil’s capital - still cultural capital
second largest exporting city in Brazil - $7.49 billion worth of goods yearly

Question 13

Rio de Janeiro - international importance

Answer 13

home to many Brazilian based global companies e.g. Santander
Rio hosted the 2014 football world cup and the 2016 Olympics.
UNESCO heritage site

Question 14

multiplier effect

Answer 14

where one affect leads to another positive knock on effect
young people migrate to Rio , work and pay taxes and government gets money to improve services

Question 15

Rio de Janeiro -opportunities education

Answer 15

6 major unis
contains 19 of the top 50 schools in the country

Question 16

Rio de Janeiro opportunities - healthcare

Answer 16

Life expectancy in Rio is 77 years - a 73-years in Brazil
health care has rapidly improved there are 105 hospitals in Rio

Question 17

Rio de Janeiro - opportunities resources

Answer 17

Simplicio hydroelectric complex built in 2013 supplies the city with 30% more energy
95% of the population in Rio de Janeiro has a mains water supply - 65% in rural

Question 18

Rio de Janeiro opportunities- employment

Answer 18

the 2nd most
important industrial centre after São Paulo
Rio has one of the
highest incomes per head in the country
city provides 6% of all employment in Brazil

Question 19

Rio de Janeiro - challenges social

Answer 19

12% of Rio’s population has no access to running water
2013 only 55% has access to a local health care clinic
Only 50% of children continue education after 14

Question 20

Rio de Janeiro challenge - economic

Answer 20

Informal sector is poorly paid - less then £60 a month
Unemployment rate is over 20%
30% of Rio’s 3.5 million workers work in informal sector and don’t pay taxes

Question 21

Rio de Janeiro challenge - economic

Answer 21

Informal sector is poorly paid - less then £60 a month
Unemployment rate is over 20%
30% of Rio’s 3.5 million workers work in informal sector and don’t pay taxes

Question 22

Rio de Janeiro challenges - environmental

Answer 22

most congested city in South America - air pollution
Open sewage - 200 tonnes of raw sewage released daily - water pollution

Question 23

sanitation

Answer 23

Measures designed to protect public health

Question 24

birth rate

Answer 24

The number of live babies born per 1000 of the population per year.