Urban Issues And Challanges

Question 1

What is migration?

Answer 1

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country (internal) or between countries (international).

Question 2

What is rural-urban migration?

Answer 2

Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside (rural areas) to cities (urban areas), usually in search of better opportunities.

Question 3

What are push factors in migration?

Answer 3

Push factors are reasons people leave an area, such as lack of jobs, poor living conditions, natural disasters, or conflict.

Question 4

What are pull factors in migration?

Answer 4

Pull factors are reasons people move to a new area, such as better job opportunities, higher living standards, better healthcare, and education.

Question 5

Give examples of push factors in rural-urban migration.

Answer 5

Lack of employment, poor healthcare, limited education, and environmental degradation in rural areas.

Question 6

Give examples of pull factors in rural-urban migration.

Answer 6

Availability of jobs, better healthcare and education, higher wages, and more infrastructure in cities.

Question 7

What is a megacity?

Answer 7

A megacity is a city with a population of over 10 million people.

Question 8

What is urbanisation?

Answer 8

Urbanisation is the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

Question 9

What are the main causes of urbanisation?

Answer 9

Rural-to-urban migration and natural population increase in cities.

Question 10

Give two social challenges caused by rapid urban growth in LICs or NEEs.

Answer 10

1. Overcrowding and informal settlements (favelas).
2. Lack of access to services such as healthcare and education.

Question 11

What are two environmental challenges associated with urban growth in LICs/NEEs?

Answer 11

1. Air pollution due to increased traffic.
2. Waste management problems, with uncollected rubbish contaminating the environment.