urban issues Flashcards
what is urbanisation
The process where the percentage of a country’s population living in towns and cities increases
what is an urban sprawl
unplanned growth of an urban area in the surrounding countryside
what is a mega city
a city that has a population over 10 mili
what is a squatters settlement
An area of poor quality housing which develops spontaneously and illegally
define inequality
the idea that different people experience different standards of living.
define rural urban migration
the movement of people from the countryside into towns and cities
natural increase
difference between the number of births and the number of deaths recorded over a period.
what is a push factor
Something that makes people want to leave a place
pull factor
attract you
what are some characteristics urban city
dense population
housing densely populated
transport is well connected many ways of transport
high levels of pollution
many job job options higher pay
characteristics of the rural countryside
population is spars
housing is sparsely populated
transport is not well connected
less choice in jobs lower pay more self employment
lower levels of populations
examples of push factors
higher standard of living
better infrastructure
economic opportunities
advance healthcare
examples of pull factors
natural hazards
poor education
poor sanitation and hygiene
poor crop yield
pros of urbanization
creates more jobs,employment opportunities this is because of advancements in tech and infrastructure
higher standards of living, provides people with better food,education,housing,healthcare
can reduce poverty/inequalities by improving employment opportunities and the quality of life
cons of urbanisation
poor air,water quality happens due to increase in pop and the demand of urban environments
when planned poorly it can lead to
congestion higher crime rates increased level of inequalities and social exclusion
can lead to habitat loss
extraction pf freshwater from environments can lead to decreasing biodiversity
location of london
located in europe south east of england in the northern hemisphere
importance of london
globally
home to the two busiest airports
gatwick and heathrow
important asset to the economy
brings lots of tourists,generates jobs,money,maintains global connections
internationally
home to many headquarters of international companies
e.g HBC,BBC
london is significant city as people that love there making crustial decisions for such big companies
what is national migration
movement of people within the same county
international migration
movement of people from one country to another
what is the difference between immigration and emigration
immigration movement of people into an area
immigration movement of people out of an area
natural increase
having kids pop increases
how does immigration and migration affect london
economic migrants
moves to improve their standard of living by getting a well paying job
what impact does migration have on the character of london
having a young working pop this means that people have more disposable income as fewer dependents therefore a growth in the leisure economy of london e.g gyms,clubs,bars,restaurants
opportunities in london
london is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world
inner london has 37% of residents are ethnic minorities
pro
anchises huge parts of london’s cultural lives e.g different types of foods music and
cons
language barriers
schools and hospitals having to have translation services
challenges in london
inequalities in education
poorer areas get lower gcses points than richer arrears
because they don’t have access to the same things
define regeneration
long term upgrading of existing urban rural industrial and commercial areas
to make social environmental and economic change
benefit of regeneration for stratford
improved
road quality
housing
employment and entertainment opportunities
safer communities
stratford before regeneration
most deprived community in country
2010 50%more crime rate than rest of the year
pros of the regeneration of stratford
created over 20,00 jobs by 2030 1/3 of the houses were deemed affordable
cons of regeneration in stratford
not all of stratford has experienced regeneration
unemployment rate is still high
why was regeneration in stratford a success
school results increased above national average
