Urban I & C - Mumbai

Question 1

What is the location of Mumbai?

Answer 1

Mumbai is located in the Maharashtra state, western India, Asia

Question 2

What is Mumbai’s regional importance?

Answer 2

Has the majority of the schools and hospitals in Maharashtra state.

Question 3

What is Mumbai’s national importance?

Answer 3

Generates 6% of India’s GDP, 60% of India’s sea trade goes through the port, home of Bollywood

Question 4

What is Mumbai’s international importance?

Answer 4

The port and airport make Mumbai a global transport hub
connecting it to major cities, Asian HQ of many companies e.g. Disney.

Question 5

What was Mumbai’s population in 1971 compared to 2016 and a statistic that shows a massive increase?

Answer 5

1971 population = 8 million -> 2016 population = 21 million
1 person migrates to Mumbai every minute

Question 6

What are the two causes of growth in Mumbai and the push and pull factors?

Answer 6

Natural increase and rural-to-urban migration
Push factors include - more machinery on farms -> unemployment
Pull factors include - access to health care, schools, employment

Question 7

How has urban growth in Mumbai created social opportunities?

Answer 7

Access to services :
- Heath and education opportunities are far better

Access to resources :
- Water from taps, greater chance of electricity

Support from community groups :
- e.g., Mahila Milan women creating an informal bank and school

Question 8

How has urban growth in Mumbai created economic opportunities?

Answer 8

Informal sector employment :
-E.g. Compound 13 in Dharavi opportunities such as recycling or selling products at the roadside.

Factory employment :
- opportunities e.g. in textiles and electronics.

Stimulus for economic development :
-The Mumbai Port Trust creates lots of employment – major exports
= textiles, major imports = petrol, chemicals, fertilizer.

Question 9

How has urban growth in Mumbai created urban growth challenges?

Answer 9

Managing urban growth :
- People migrated to the city are poor -> challenge to provide suitable housing for the growing population -> over 50% of Mumbai’s population live in squatter settlements e.g. Dharavi.

Question 10

How has urban growth in Mumbai created challenges to infrastructure?

Answer 10

Providing access to infrastructure :
- Many squatter settlements have grown quickly -> sanitation, water and electricity supplies aren’t provided quickly enough. e.g. 95% of households don’t have sufficient access to safe water

Question 11

How has urban growth in Mumbai created challenges to services?

Answer 11

Providing access to services :
- Rapid growth in population, many young families -> services like maternity care and schools are overloaded.
Reducing unemployment and crime :
- Crime in Mumbai is quite high -> difficult to manage due to growing population, lack of policing. e.g. demonstrations which become violent, theft and scams at the airport, rapes.

Question 12

How has urban growth in Mumbai created environmental challenges?

Answer 12

Managing environmental issues :
- Large population + illegal squatter settlements + industries -> difficult to manage sewage, industrial waste and rubbish e.g. Mithi River polluted with dyes from textile mills and sewage.
- Car ownership is increasing (1.8million cars ) -> lots of air and noise pollution -> smog, nitrogen oxide levels are 2x the safe limit.

Question 13

What is an example of urban planning in Mumbai and how has it helped?

Answer 13

Mumbai urban transport project – resettlement:
- 100 000 people resettled from railway tracks
- Provided with their own apartment
- Sanitation and electricity available
- Schools and day-care centres
- Higher status and easier to fund employment
- were expected to pay taxes and for services like water